Effects of tenofovir amibufenamide and entecavir on estimated glomerular filtration rate in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population before and after propensity score matching, median (interquartile range)/n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Before matching (n = 187)			After matching (n = 144)
	ETV (n = 139)	TMF (n = 48)	P value	ETV (n = 96)	TMF (n = 48)	P value
Age (year)	36 (30-45)	36 (31-46)	0.914	35 (29-45)	36 (31-46)	0.624
Age (year)			0.754			0.198
< 30	35 (25.18)	11 (22.92)		32 (33.33)	11 (22.92)
≥ 30	104 (74.82)	37 (77.08)		64 (66.67)	37 (77.08)
Male (%)	79 (56.83)	32 (66.67)	0.232	55 (57.29)	32 (66.67)	0.278
DNA (log10IU/mL)	4.66 (3.28-7.29)	4.51 (3.34-7.59)	0.714	5.24 (3.31-7.80)	4.51 (3.34-7.59)	0.788
HBsAg (log10IU/mL)	3.28 (2.59-3.72)	3.66 (3.07-4.37)	0.011	3.50 (3.07-4.00)	3.66 (3.07-4.37)	0.431
HBeAg positive	53 (38.13)	21 (43.75)	0.492	46 (47.92)	21 (43.75)	0.637
TBIL (μmol/L)	16.0 (11.6-23.5)	15.9 (11.9-23.7)	0.951	15.8 (12.1-22.9)	15.8 (11.9-23.7)	0.953
Alb (g/L)	45.4 (43.0-47.2)	44.8 (42.5-45.9)	0.084	45.6 (43.0-47.5)	44.8 (42.4-45.9)	0.089
ALT (U/L)	49.0 (27.4-82.2)	45.8 (29.2-74.8)	0.977	53.2 (29.0-87.8)	45.8 (29.2-74.8)	0.442
AST (U/L)	35.5 (26.6-63.5)	35.9 (24.1-57.1)	0.740	37.7 (28.2-65.8)	35.9 (24.1-57.1)	0.412
GGT (U/L)	27.0 (16.0-50.0)	31.2 (18.3-59.5)	0.178	27.0 (17.0-53.7)	31.2 (18.2-59.5)	0.335
ALP (U/L)	78.0 (65.4-95.1)	86.4 (68.6-101.2)	0.185	79.7 (65.7-95.7)	86.4 (68.6-101.2)	0.297
TG (mmol/L)	1.13 (0.79-1.60)	1.24 (0.86-1.75)	0.327	1.07 (0.80-1.62)	1.24 (0.86-1.75)	0.285
TC (mmol/L)	4.41 (3.84-5.05)	4.53 (4.05-4.76)	0.644	4.43 (3.88-4.86)	4.53 (4.05-4.76)	0.550
FBG (mmol/L)	5.00 (4.68-5.35)	5.00 (4.76-5.29)	0.782	5.00 (4.68-5.35)	5.00 (4.76-5.29)	0.656
SCr (μmol/L)	65.51 ± 13.47	67.01 ± 11.12	0.449	66.48 ± 14.14	67.01 ± 11.12	0.805
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	112.14 ± 9.87	112.50 ± 10.28	0.830	111.83 ± 10.16	112.50 ± 10.28	0.712
BUN (mmol/L)	4.21 ± 1.00	4.33 ± 1.11	0.514	4.18 ± 1.00	4.33 ± 1.11	0.430
HGB (g/L)	145 (134-159)	147 (135-159)	0.482	148 (135-159)	147 (135-159)	0.887
PLT (× 109/L)	199 ± 60	196 ± 55	0.695	201 ± 60	196 ± 55	0.574
LSM (kPa)	6.9 (5.6-9.9)	7.0 (6.0-7.7)	0.574	7.2 (6.0-10.3)	7.0 (6.0-7.6)	0.232
Liver cirrhosis	15 (10.79)	5 (10.42)	0.942	10 (10.42)	5 (10.42)	1.000

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; TBIL: Total bilirubin; Alb: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; SCr: Serum creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; ETV: Entecavir; TMF: Tenofovir amibufenamide.

Table 2 Comparison of 48-week clinical data, n (%)/median (interquartile range)/mean ± SD

Variables	Total (n = 144)	ETV (n = 96)	TMF (n = 48)	P value
HBV DNA undetectable	104 (72.20)	71 (73.96)	33 (68.75)	0.511
HBsAg (log10IU/mL)	3.36 (2.99-3.75)	3.36 (2.97-3.67)	3.37 (3.02-3.89)	0.553
HBeAg positive	58 (40.28)	38 (39.58)	20 (41.67)	0.810
TBIL (μmol/L)	12.9 (9.9-16.9)	13.1 (10.1-17.3)	12.4 (9.5-16.3)	0.499
Alb (g/L)	45.41 ± 2.75	45.44 ± 2.87	45.35 ± 2.51	0.851
ALT (U/L)	24.3 (17.1-33.7)	23.3 (16.8-32.5)	26.3 (17.7-42.5)	0.255
AST (U/L)	23.3 (19.3-30.8)	23.8 (19.3-30.6)	22.7 (19.1-32.3)	0.961
GGT (U/L)	21.2 (14.6-34.0)	21.0 (14.2-28.8)	23.3 (15.0-35.8)	0.454
ALP (U/L)	77.45 ± 22.52	75.04 ± 20.90	82.28 ± 24.97	0.069
TG (mmol/L)	1.22 (0.89-1.65)	1.14 (0.87-1.45)	1.38 (0.90-1.91)	0.092
TC (mmol/L)	4.54 (3.97-4.91)	4.39 (3.86-4.91)	4.62 (4.32-4.91)	0.069
FBG (mmol/L)	5.02 (4.65-5.36)	4.98 (4.63-5.46)	5.10 (4.77-5.32)	0.564
SCr (μmol/L)	70.03 ± 13.15	71.17 ± 13.87	67.76 ± 11.36	0.142
Decline in eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	4.32 ± 8.60	5.73 ± 9.32	1.49 ± 6.09	0.001
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	107.74 ± 11.91	106.10 ± 12.27	111.01 ± 10.53	0.019
BUN (mmol/L)	4.48 ± 1.11	4.41 ± 1.14	4.64 ± 1.06	0.236
HGB (g/L)	148 (135-158)	147 (135-158)	148 (137-158)	0.948
PLT (× 109/L)	198 ± 58	198 ± 61	198 ± 52	0.963
LSM (kPa)	6.8 (5.5-8.2)	6.8 (5.4-8.5)	6.8 (5.5-7.8)	0.541
Liver cirrhosis	16 (11.11)	12 (12.50)	4 (8.33)	0.453

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; TBIL: Total bilirubin; Alb: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; SCr: Serum creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; ETV: Entecavir; TMF: Tenofovir amibufenamide.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate abnormalities in patients with chronic hepatitis B at 48 weeks

Variables	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (year)	1.065	1.007-1.127	0.028	0.986	0.916-1.062	0.717
Alb (g/L)	0.818	0.720-0.929	0.002	0.882	0.749-1.039	0.133
TG (mmol/L)	0.120	0.022-0.648	0.014	0.128	0.018-0.880	0.037
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	0.880	0.814-0.951	0.001	0.886	0.813-0.966	0.006

Alb: Albumin; TG: Triglyceride; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Comparison of baseline and endpoint clinical data between tenofovir amibufenamide and entecavir groups in patients with chronic hepatitis B, n (%)/median (interquartile range)/mean ± SD

Variables	ETV (n = 96)			TMF (n = 48)
	Baseline	Endpoint	P value	Baseline	Endpoint	P value
DNA positive	96 (100.00)	25 (26.04)	< 0.001	48 (100.00)	15 (31.25)	< 0.001
HBsAg (log10IU/mL)	3.50 (3.07-4.00)	3.36 (2.97-3.67)	0.087	3.66 (3.07-4.37)	3.37 (3.02-3.89)	0.175
HBeAg positive	46 (47.92)	38 (39.58)	0.244	21 (43.75)	20 (41.67)	0.837
TBIL (μmol/L)	15.8 (12.1-22.9)	13.1 (10.1-17.3)	0.006	15.8 (11.9-23.7)	12.4 (9.5-16.3)	0.010
Alb (g/L)	45.6 (43.0-47.5)	45.44 ± 2.87	0.674	44.8 (42.4-45.9)	45.35 ± 2.51	0.050
ALT (U/L)	53.2 (29.0-87.8)	23.3 (16.8-32.5)	< 0.01	45.8 (29.2-74.8)	26.3 (17.7-42.5)	< 0.01
AST (U/L)	37.7 (28.2-65.8)	23.8 (19.3-30.6)	< 0.01	35.9 (24.1-57.1)	22.7 (19.1-32.3)	< 0.01
GGT (U/L)	27.0 (17.0-53.7)	21.0 (14.2-28.8)	0.013	31.2 (18.2-59.5)	23.3 (15.0-35.8)	0.027
ALP (U/L)	79.7 (65.7-95.7)	75.04 ± 20.90	0.107	86.4 (68.6-101.2)	82.28 ± 24.97	0.575
TG (mmol/L)	1.07 (0.80-1.62)	1.14 (0.87-1.45)	0.481	1.24 (0.86-1.75)	1.38 (0.90-1.91)	0.354
TC (mmol/L)	4.43 (3.88-4.86)	4.39 (3.86-4.91)	0.977	4.53 (4.05-4.76)	4.62 (4.32-4.91)	0.096
FBG (mmol/L)	5.00 (4.68-5.35)	4.98 (4.63-5.46)	0.979	5.00 (4.76-5.29)	5.10 (4.77-5.32)	0.866
SCr (μmol/L)	66.48 ± 14.14	71.17 ± 13.87	0.021	67.01 ± 11.12	67.76 ± 11.36	0.745
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	111.83 ± 10.16	106.10 ± 12.27	< 0.001	112.50 ± 10.28	111.01 ± 10.53	0.485
BUN (mmol/L)	4.18 ± 1.00	4.41 ± 1.14	0.149	4.33 ± 1.11	4.64 ± 1.06	0.160
HGB (g/L)	148 (135-159)	147 (135-158)	0.947	147 (135-159)	148 (137-158)	0.840
PLT (× 109/L)	201 ± 60	198 ± 61	0.694	196 ± 55	198 ± 52	0.793
LSM (kPa)	7.2 (6.0-10.3)	6.8 (5.4-8.5)	0.150	7.0 (6.0-7.6)	6.8 (5.5-7.8)	0.322
Liver cirrhosis	10 (10.42)	12 (12.50)	0.650	5 (10.42)	4 (8.33)	0.726

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; TBIL: Total bilirubin; Alb: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; SCr: Serum creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; ETV: Entecavir; TMF: Tenofovir amibufenamide.