Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt improves survival in anticoagulation-resistant hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome patients: A multicenter retrospective study

Table 1 Baseline information, n (%)/mean ± SD

	Total (n = 88)	Anticoagulation therapy (n = 25)	TIPS (n = 63)	P value
Age	64.67 ± 8.41	66.05 ± 9.20	64.28 ± 8.29	0.592
Male sex	64 (72.7)	18 (72.0)	46 (73.0)	0.923
Hypertension	40 (45.5)	13 (52.0)	27 (42.9)	0.437
Diabetes	16 (18.2)	4 (16.0)	12 (19.0)	0.978
Cerebral infarction	7 (8.0)	3 (12.0)	4 (6.3)	0.400
Drinking	27 (30.7)	7 (28.0)	20 (31.7)	0.731
Abdominal distension	88 (100)	25 (100)	63 (100)	1.000
Abdominal pain	15 (17.0)	4 (16.0)	11 (17.5)	0.869
Oliguria	62 (70.5)	20 (80.0)	42 (66.7)	0.216
Poor appetite	58 (65.9)	15 (60.0)	43 (68.3)	0.461
Chest tightness	10 (11.4)	2 (8.0)	8 (12.7)	0.800
Edema of both lower extremities	14 (15.9)	6 (24.0)	8 (12.7)	0.191
Baseline OHE	6 (6.8)	2 (8.0)	4 (6.3)	0.550
Newly OHE	9 (10.2)	0 (0)	9 (14.3)	-
White blood cells (109/L)	7.03 ± 2.90	6.60 ± 2.38	7.20 ± 3.07	0.391
Hemoglobin (g/L)	150.01 ± 17.12	151.96 ± 13.34	149.27 ± 18.40	0.516
Platelets (109/L)	100.0 (73.0-125.0)	104.50 (86.75-156.50)	97.0 (72.0-119.0)	0.080
ALT (U/L)	33.25 (23.03-53.83)	34.80 (22.95-51.20)	32.80 (23.00-61.20)	0.614
AST (U/L)	50.00 (36.73-64.00)	49.70 (35.55-57.00)	50.30 (37.10-68.90)	0.473
ALT/AST	0.75 ± 0.24	0.73 ± 0.19	0.77 ± 0.25	0.495
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	3.26 (2.08-4.81)	3.07 (1.79-3.99)	3.26 (2.13-4.84)	0.462
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.06 (1.20-3.43)	2.12 (1.10-3.31)	2.04 (1.21-3.50)	0.736
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L)	87.0 (60.0-153.30)	91.20 (64.85-187.38)	79.80 (55.60-138.10)	0.273
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	115.40 (88.90-162.0)	117.85 (92.20-185.98)	113.0 (88.70-153.60)	0.161
Cholinesterase (U/L)	2.21 ± 0.89	2.23 ± 0.73	2.14 ± 0.81	0.337
Albumin (g/L)	34.12 ± 3.53	34.44 ± 4.07	33.99 ± 3.32	0.589
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	6.70 (5.43-8.58)	6.30 (5.70-8.05)	6.80 (5.20-9.00)	0.821
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	78.50 (63.25-95.75)	90.0 (70.0-106.0)	77.0 (62.0-92.0)	0.167
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds)	48.93 ± 14.78	56.80 ± 17.10	45.89 ± 12.67	0.009
Prothrombin time (seconds)	18.40 (14.90-26.00)	25.80 (16.55-33.83)	16.50 (14.50-21.90)	0.009
Fibrinogen (g/L)	2.05 ± 0.76	2.28 ± 0.71	1.97 ± 0.77	0.112
Portal vein velocity, cm/second	12.37 ± 5.54	12.78 ± 5.14	12.19 ± 5.74	0.682
Drum-Tower Severity Scoring grade (mild and moderate/severe)	66/18	21/2	45/16	0.134
PPG before TIPS (mmHg)	-	-	25.0 (21.0-33.0)	-
PPG after TIPS (mmHg)	-	-	9.00 (6.00-22.25)	-
Median follow-up time (m)	32.50 (13.64-53.17)	30.00 (3.70-58.93)	32.60 (15.17-52.47)	0.657

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; OHE: Overt hepatic encephalopathy; PPG: Portal pressure gradient; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression, hazard ratio (95%CI)

	Univariate analysis	P value	Multivariate analysis	P value
Age	1.063 (0.995-1.136)	0.068	1.067 (1.000-1.137)	0.049
Sex	0.588 (0.169-2.046)	0.403
Treatment (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts/anticoagulation therapy)	0.428 (0.165-1.111)	0.081	0.321 (0.116-0.886)	0.028
White blood cells	1.091 (0.959-1.242)	0.187
Hemoglobin	1.033 (1.000-1.067)	0.052
Platelets	0.992 (0.978-1.005)	0.225
Total bilirubin	1.286 (1.115-1.483)	0.001	1.211 (1.035-1.418)	0.017
Direct bilirubin	1.372 (1.119-1.682)	0.002
AST	1.007 (1.002-1.012)	0.009	1.007 (1.001-1.014)	0.028
ALT	1.008 (1.001-1.015)	0.020
ALT/AST	0.323 (0.035-3.002)	0.320
Alkaline phosphatase	0.999 (0.993-1.005)	0.813
Gamma-glutamyl transferase	0.998 (0.991-1.004)	0.483
Albumin	1.011 (0.878-1.164)	0.881
Cholinesterase	0.437 (0.216-0.883)	0.021	0.524 (0.218-1.260)	0.149
Blood urea nitrogen	1.046 (0.942-1.160)	0.400
Serum creatinine	1.004 (0.997-1.011)	0.282
Fibrinogen	0.638 (0.274-1.483)	0.297
Portal vein velocity	1.011 (0.922-1.110)	0.811

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.