Microbial characteristics of gut microbiome dysbiosis in patients with chronic liver disease

Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between healthy individuals and patients with chronic liver disease, n (%)

Characteristics	Category (number of subjects)				P value
Number of subjects	HZ (n = 16)	LC (n = 37)	HCC (n = 7)	ZC (n = 37)	-
Gender (male/female)	9/7	21/16	5/2	23/14	0.625
Age (years), mean ± SD	59.5 ± 12.6	65.1 ± 12.3	55.4 ± 20.5	60.8 ± 7.7	0.033a
ALT	16.9 (34.8)	18.7 (16.1)	25.1 (61.2)	20.1 (15.7)	0.211
AST	28.8 (74.9)	39.1 (36.9)	65.4 (52.9)	18.0 (5.8)	0.000b
TBil	13.4 (10.3)	24.1 (50.4)	36.9 (185.4)	11.4 (5.7)	0.000c
Albumin	44.1 (6.8)	33.3 (7.6)	32.6 (9.0)	47.3 (4.9)	0.000d
Scr	70.0 (16.5)	74.0 (42.5)	62.0 (178.0)	72.0 (25.5)	0.382
WBC	4.3 (2.0)	3.8 (2.2)	5.7 (2.2)	6.4 (2.7)	0.000e
PLT	201.5 (74.0)	103.0 (81.5)	78.0 (115.0)	230.0 (56.0)	0.000f
PT	11.2 (1.0)	13.4 (3.6)	13.0 (5.3)	10.4 (0.8)	0.000g
APTT	27.4 (4.7)	30.2 (4.9)	31.3 (10.1)	26.8 (2.3)	0.000h

^aThere is a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the liver cirrhosis (LC)-healthy control group (ZC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-ZC, and LC-HCC groups.

^bChronic hepatitis B group (HZ)-ZC, LC-ZC, and HCC-ZC groups.

^cLC-ZC, HCC-ZC, HZ-LC, and HZ-HCC groups.

^dLC-ZC, HCC-ZC, and HZ-LC groups.

^eHZ-ZC and LC-ZC groups.

^fLC-ZC, HCC-ZC, and HZ-LC groups.

^gLC-ZC, HCC-ZC, and HZ-LC groups.

^hLC-ZC and HCC-ZC groups.

HZ: Chronic hepatitis B group; LC: Liver cirrhosis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ZC: Healthy control group. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; Scr: Serum creatinine; WBC: White blood cell; PLT: Platelet; PT: Prothrombin time; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time.