Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2025; 17(3): 103261
Published online Mar 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i3.103261
Table 1 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for recurrent variceal bleeding before and after propensity score matching
Characteristics
Before PSM, univariate analyses (n = 815)
Before PSM, multivariate analyses (n = 815)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
Group B0.5460.366-0.8150.003b0.6230.387-1.0040.0520.5200.330-0.8180.005b0.5200.330-0.8180.005b
Kalium0.3050.120-0.7740.012a0.3050.119-0.7830.014a
Cancer antigen 1530.6910.493-0.9680.032a0.7130.500-1.0160.061
Creatinine1.9521.123-3.3940.018a1.6790.943-2.9900.078
Pre-TIPS inferior vena cava pressure1.6291.010-2.6280.046a1.5560.950-2.5470.079
Pre-TIPS Child-Turcotte-Pugh score2.5131.095-5.7660.030a1.9830.841-4.6790.118
Portal vein diameter2.4871.216-5.0840.013a1.2790.548-2.9840.569
Alkaline phosphatase0.6800.460-1.0060.054
Alanine aminotransferase0.7740.563-1.0650.116
Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for shunt dysfunction before and after propensity score matching
Characteristics
Before PSM, univariate analyses (n = 815)
Before PSM, multivariate analyses (n = 815)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
Group B0.3720.233-0.594< 0.001b0.4520.261-0.7830.005b0.4820.297-0.7830.003b0.4960.305-0.8070.005b
Alkaline phosphatase0.5380.349-0.8300.005b0.5450.350-0.8490.007b0.6150.394-0.9580.031a0.640.411-0.9980.049a
Kalium0.3380.117-0.9740.045a0.3020.099-0.9220.035a
Portal vein diameter4.0751.885-8.808< 0.001b1.6630.656-4.2140.284
C-Reactive protein0.9260.854-1.0040.062
Serum urea nitrogen0.690.422-1.1280.139
Right hepatic vein free pressure1.5350.846-2.7860.159
Natrium0.6990.412-1.1870.185
Age1.5490.671-3.5770.305
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for hepatic encephalopathy before and after propensity score matching
Characteristics
Before PSM, univariate analyses (n = 815)
Before PSM, multivariate analyses (n = 815)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
Portal vein diameter0.3090.193-0.494< 0.001b0.3090.193-0.494< 0.001b0.2990.179-0.500< 0.001b0.3720.204-0.6760.001b
Group B1.6721.260-2.219< 0.001b1.2630.909-1.7550.163
Table 4 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for hepatocellular carcinoma before and after propensity score matching
Characteristics
Before PSM, univariate analyses (n = 815)
Before PSM, multivariate analyses (n = 815)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
Group B0.3320.154-0.7130.005b0.370.171-0.8000.012a0.3460.149-0.8020.013a0.3740.160-0.8740.023a
Creatinine3.0981.406-6.8280.005b2.1440.868-5.2970.0983.0911.434-6.6620.004b3.2531.442-7.3400.004b
Prothrombin time activity0.5930.293-1.2010.1470.1780.039-0.8130.026a0.1280.026-0.6230.011a
Pre-TIPS MELD score58.7751.249-2766.7720.038a13.3670.160-1115.6080.251
Female0.4220.163-1.0930.075
Alanine aminotransferase0.630.377-1.0530.078
Pre-TIPS inferior vena cava pressure0.5790.281-1.1930.139
White blood cell count0.6350.337-1.1940.159
Chlorine26.6880.261-2726.9170.164
Blood ammonia0.7370.390-1.3930.348
C-reactive protein1.0580.931-1.2030.387
Hemoglobin1.590.402-6.2880.508
Table 5 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for liver failure before and after propensity score matching
Characteristics
Before PSM, univariate analyses (n = 815)
Before PSM, multivariate analyses (n = 815)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
Group B2.1661.288-3.6430.004b2.5231.486-4.2830.001b2.2381.284-3.9010.005b2.2411.276-3.9370.005b
Creatinine2.8021.536-5.1100.001b3.0961.702-5.630< 0.001b2.5291.287-4.9700.007b3.121.500-6.4860.002b
Right hepatic venous wedge pressure2.6141.223-5.5860.013a2.6431.229-5.6800.013a1.9410.858-4.3920.112
Alanine aminotransferase1.450.979-2.1460.0641.6831.091-2.5980.019a1.5411.003-2.3660.048a
Cancer antigen 1530.7270.484-1.0920.1240.8140.511-1.2990.389
Platelet count1.2650.893-1.7940.1861.2610.855-1.8590.242
Carcinoembryonic antigen0.8770.639-1.2020.4140.8520.597-1.2180.38
C-Reactive protein1.1661.049-1.2960.004b1.1381.022-1.2670.019a
Alkaline phosphatase1.4610.909-2.3480.117
Pre-TIPS right atrial pressure1.5950.882-2.8840.123
International normalized ratio0.2830.044-1.8450.187
Blood ammonia0.7040.440-1.1290.145
Pre-TIPS MELD score0.60.024-14.8840.755
Activated partial thromboplastin time2.9520.880-9.9050.08
Hemoglobin2.5510.903-7.2050.077
Table 6 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for mortality before and after propensity score matching
Characteristics
Before PSM, univariate analyses (n = 815)
Before PSM, multivariate analyses (n = 815)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
After PSM, univariate analyses (n = 662)
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
HR
95%CI
P
Group B0.4910.301-0.8010.004b0.5070.309-0.8320.007b0.5490.323-0.9330.027a0.5500.322-0.9400.029a
C-reactive protein1.2171.104-1.342< 0.001b1.2181.103-1.344< 0.001b1.2131.095-1.344< 0.001b1.2131.094-1.345< 0.001b
Creatinine2.9741.687-5.243< 0.001b2.6521.419-4.9560.002b2.5481.375-4.7210.003b2.3491.198-4.6060.013a
Right hepatic venous wedge pressure2.5141.187-5.3220.016a1.8190.845-3.9160.1262.1941.008-4.7720.048a1.6870.759-3.7490.199
Glutamyl transferase1.2310.961-1.5770.1001.2970.999-1.6830.051
Portal vein diameter0.6420.271-1.5210.3140.4880.196-1.2140.123