Exploring the next frontier in diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Table 1 Current models for noninvasive diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Ref.	Items
Silvey et al[29]	Vital signs
	Complete blood count
	Liver and kidney function
	Blood gases
	Potassium levels
Würstle et al[30] (Lasso score primary model)	C-reactive protein
	Previous hydropic decompensation
	White blood cell counts
	Organ failure
	Fever
	Acute gastrointestinal bleeding
	Proton pump inhibitors use
	Previous attack
	Charlson comorbidity index
	No propranolol or carvedilol medication
	Model for end-stage liver disease score
Würstle et al[30] (Simple model)	C-reactive protein
	Previous hydropic decompensation
	White blood cell counts
	Organ failure
	Fever
	Acute gastrointestinal bleeding
	Proton pump inhibitors use
	Previous attack
	No propranolol or carvedilol medication
	Child-Pugh class C
Xiang et al[31]	Procalcitonin
	C-reactive protein
	Lymphocyte percentage
	Mean cell hemoglobin concentration
	Total bilirubin
	Albumin
	Prothrombin time
Abdel-Razik et al[25] (Mansoura score)	Age
	Blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio
	Mean platelet volume
	C-reactive protein
Tu et al[32]	Model for end-stage liver disease score
	Polymorphonuclear neutrophil
	Blood neutrophil percentage
	Presence of hepatocellular carcinoma
	Renal impairment

Table 2 Lasso score model

Measurement	Primary model	Simple model
CRP > 4.2 mg/dL	+87	+26
Previous hydropic decompensation	+60	+17
White blood cell counts > 11.49 G/L	+52	+16
Organ failure	+45	+14
Fever	+39	+13
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding	+31	+8
PPI medication	+26	+8
Previous SBP	+8	+5
Charlson comorbidity index > 6	+6
No propranolol or carvedilol medication	+1	+2
MELD-Na score > 24.9	+1
Child-Pugh class C		+1

CRP: C-reactive protein; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Table 3 Mansoura scoring system

Parameter	Cut-off	Score
Age (years)	≥ 55	1
NLR	≥ 2.5	1
MPV (femtoliters)	≥ 8.5	1
CRP (mg)	≥ 40	2

NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; MPV: Mean platelet volume; CRP: C-reactive protein.