Redefining fatty liver as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Implications of nomenclature changes for patients with diabetes

Table 1 Definitions for metabolic risk factors and their incorporation into the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease consensus statements

Metabolic risk factors	Definition	MAFLD	MASLD
Body mass index	≥ 25 kg/m2 in Caucasians or ethnicity adjusted	Yes	Yes
Diabetes	According to widely accepted international guidelines	Yes	Yes
Waist circumference	Elevated measures in Caucasians or ethnicity adjusted	Yes; ≥ 102/88 cm in Caucasian men and women	Yes; ≥ 94/80 cm in Caucasian men and women
Blood pressure	≥ 130/85 mmHg or specific drug treatment	Yes	Yes
Plasma triglycerides	≥ 150 mg/dL or specific drug treatment	Yes	Yes
Plasma HDL-cholesterol	< 40 mg/dL for men and < 50 mg/dL for women or specific drug treatment	Yes	Yes
Prediabetes	Fasting glucose levels 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL, or 2-hour post-load glucose levels 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL or HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%	Yes	Yes
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score	≥ 2.5	Yes	No
Plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level	> 2 mg/L	Yes	No

HDL: High-density lipoprotein; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.