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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2024; 16(8): 1120-1130
Published online Aug 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i8.1120
Published online Aug 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i8.1120
Variable | Total (n = 148) | No liver disease (n = 39) | Liver disease (n = 109) | P value1 |
Age in year | 47 (40-55) | 49 (40-61) | 47 (40-54) | 1 |
Female | 69 (46.6) | 11 (28.2) | 58 (53.2) | 0.007 |
Social class | 0.36 | |||
Manual | 21 (14.2) | 3 (7.7) | 18 (16.5) | |
Non-skilled | 65 (43.9) | 16 (41.0) | 49 (45.0) | |
Semiskilled | 11 (7.4) | 5 (12.8) | 6 (5.5) | |
Skilled manual | 9 (6.1) | 4 (10.3) | 5 (4.6) | |
Skilled non-manual | 6 (4.1) | 2 (5.1) | 4 (3.7) | |
Professional | 36 (24.3) | 9 (23.1) | 27 (24.8) | |
Income class | 0.3 | |||
Poor | 6 (4.1) | 1 (2.6) | 5 (4.6) | |
Lower middle | 46 (31.1) | 17 (43.6) | 29 (26.6) | |
Middle | 83 (56.1) | 19 (48.7) | 64 (58.7) | |
Upper middle | 10 (6.8) | 1 (2.6) | 9 (8.3) | |
Upper | 3 (2.0) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (1.8) | |
Willingness to pay, yes | 148 (100) | 39 (100) | 109 (100) | - |
Education | 0.79 | |||
Primary school | 87 (58.8) | 25 (64.1) | 62 (56.9) | |
Secondary school | 21 (14.2) | 5 (12.8) | 16 (14.7) | |
Undergraduate | 34 (23.0) | 7 (18.0) | 27 (24.8) | |
Postgraduate | 6 (4.1) | 2 (5.1) | 4 (3.7) | |
Sleep in hour | 0.96 | |||
7 | 7 (4.7) | 2 (5.1) | 5 (4.6) | |
8 | 120 (81.1) | 31 (79.5) | 89 (81.7) | |
9 | 15 (13.8) | 6 (15.4) | 15 (13.8) | |
Dietary fats and oils | 0.042 | |||
Normal | 23 (15.5) | 10 (25.6) | 13 (11.9) | |
High | 125 (84.5) | 29 (74.4) | 96 (88.1) | |
Dietary protein | - | |||
Normal | 148 (100) | 39 (100) | 109 (100) | |
Dietary vegetables and fruits | 0.27 | |||
Normal | 76 (51.4) | 23 (59.0) | 53 (48.6) | |
High | 72 (48.7) | 16 (41.0) | 56 (51.4) | |
Dietary carbohydrates | 0.78 | |||
Normal | 3 (2.0) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (1.8) | |
High | 145 (98.0) | 38 (97.4) | 107 (98.2) | |
Dietary dairy and cheese | 0.77 | |||
Normal | 28 (18.9) | 8 (20.5) | 20 (18.4) | |
High | 120 (81.1) | 31 (79.5) | 89 (81.7) | |
Dietary sweets and confectionaries | 0.63 | |||
Normal | 54 (36.5) | 13 (33.3) | 41 (37.6) | |
High | 94 (63.5) | 26 (66.7) | 68 (62.4) | |
Hypertension | 24 (16.2) | 8 (20.5) | 16 (14.7) | 0.4 |
Hypercholesterolaemia | 2 (1.4) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (0.9) | 0.45 |
Previous myocardial infarction | 2 (1.4) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (0.9) | 0.45 |
Previous stroke | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0.093 |
Polycystic ovarian syndrome | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Obstructive sleep apnoea | 13 (8.8) | 4 (10.3) | 9 (8.3) | 0.71 |
Vitamin D deficiency | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.8) | 0.3 |
Hypothyroidism | 4 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.7) | 0.23 |
Family history of type 2 diabetes | 58 (39.2) | 17 (43.6) | 41 (37.6) | 0.51 |
Family history of liver disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Variable | Odds ratio (95%CI) | P value |
Females | 3.09 (1.09-8.80) | 0.034 |
Waist circumference | 1.42 (1.22-1.66) | < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.048 |
Variable | Odds ratio (95%CI) | P value |
Triglyceride levels | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | 0.004 |
Income | 3.58 (1.28-10.04) | 0.015 |
Education | 0.33 (0.12-0.85) | 0.023 |
Excessive hunger | 0.25 (0.06-0.95) | 0.042 |
Alanine aminotransferase levels | 1.02 (1.00-1.03) | 0.032 |
Right upper quadrant pain or heaviness | 5.22 (1.40-19.41) | 0.014 |
Involuntary weight loss or gain | 0.11 (0.02-0.52) | 0.005 |
Tingling, pain or numbness of hands and feet | 0.20 (0.05-0.80) | 0.023 |
Waist circumference | 1.31 (1.02-1.69) | 0.036 |
- Citation: Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Shing Kwok C, Phillips A. Correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic parameters in persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Hepatol 2024; 16(8): 1120-1130
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v16/i8/1120.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v16.i8.1120