Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2021; 13(8): 949-968
Published online Aug 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i8.949
Published online Aug 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i8.949
Table 1 Characteristics of the cohort studies included in the systematic review
Ref. | Country | n | NITs | Outcomes |
Chun et al[49], 2020 | South Korea | 669 | FIB-4 | HCC |
Chalouni et al[18], 2019 | France | 998 | APRI, FIB-4, TE | LRE |
Chen et al[45], 2019 | China | 691 | FIB-4 | OM |
Hansen et al[20], 2019 | Denmark | 591 | TE | OM, LRD, HD |
Ioannou et al[13], 2019 | United States | 48135 | FIB-4 | HCC |
Na et al[33], 2019 | South Korea | 295 | APRI, FIB-4 | HCC |
Nakagomi et al[34], 2019 | Japan | 1146 | TE | HCC |
Ogasawara et al[38], 2019 | Japan | 398 | FIB-4, TE | HCC, HD |
Ogasawara et al[47], 2019 | Japan | 457 | FIB-4 | OM |
Peleg et al[23], 2019 | Israel | 515 | TE | HCC, OM, HD |
Pons et al[14], 2019 | Spain | 572 | TE | HCC |
Rinaldi et al[15], 2019 | Italy | 258 | TE | HCC |
Shili-Masmoudi et al[28], 2019 | France | 1062 | TE | OM, LRM |
Sou et al[41], 2019 | China | 1884 | APRI, FIB-4 | HCC |
Tamaki et al[30], 2019 | Japan | 346 | FIB-4, MRE | HCC |
Watanabe et al[44], 2019 | Japan | 1174 | APRI, FIB-4 | HCC |
Bloom et al[17], 2018 | Australia | 780 | TE | LRE |
Hamada et al[29], 2018 | Japan | 196 | FIB-4, SWE | HCC |
Munteanu et al[22], 2018 | France | 3449 | Fibrotest | OM, LRM |
Cepeda et al[25], 2017 | United States | 964 | TE | OM |
Gomez-Moreno et al[19], 2017 | Spain | 343 | TE | HCC, HD, LRM |
Merchante et al[26], 2017 | Spain | 446 | TE | HD |
Thandassery et al[43], 2017 | Qatar | 1605 | APRI, FIB-4 | HCC, HD, LRE |
Akuta et al[39], 2016 | Japan | 958 | FIB-4 | HCC |
Lee et al[31], 2016 | South Korea | 598 | APRI | HCC |
Lee et al[46], 2016 | South Korea | 190 | TE | LRE |
Ng et al[36], 2016 | China | 105 | APRI | HCC |
Pérez-Latorre et al[24], 2016 | Spain | 957 | TE | LRE, OM |
Sato et al[40], 2016 | Japan | 355 | APRI, FIB-4 | HCC |
Tada et al[48], 2016 | Japan | 1723 | FIB-4 | LRM, OM |
Berenguer et al[12], 2015 | Spain | 903 | FIB-4 | LRE, OM |
Macías et al[21], 2015 | Spain | 1046 | TE | HD, OM |
Narita et al[35], 2014 | Japan | 151 | TE | HCC |
Nojiri et al[37], 2014 | Japan | 142 | APRI, FIB-4, Forns index | HCC |
Tamaki et al[42], 2014 | Japan | 1046 | FIB-4 | HCC |
Bambha et al[16], 2012 | United States | 450 | APRI, FIB-4 | OM |
Nunes et al[27], 2010 | United States | 303 | APRI, FIB-4 | LRM |
Masuzaki et al[32], 2009 | Japan | 984 | TE | HCC |
Yu et al[11], 2006 | China | 1338 | APRI | HCC, OM |
Table 2 Pooled unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of pre- and post-treatment fibrosis-4 index, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, liver stiffness measurement for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma development
Analysis | HR | aHR | ||||||
Pooled HR (95%CI) | I2 (%) | Ref. | No. of cases | Pooled aHR (95%CI) | I2 (%) | Ref. | No. of cases | |
FIB-4 | 5.17 (4.03-6.63) | 76 | [13,29,30,38,40-42] | 1831 | 2.48 (1.91-3.23) | 96 | [13,33,39-42,44,49] | 1842 |
pre-Rx | 4.91 (3.71-6.49) | 81 | [13,38,40-42] | 1781 | 3.20 (1.77-5.80) | 97 | [13,33,39-40,42,44] | 1699 |
post-Rx with SVR | 5.44 (2.25-13.15) | 69 | [29,30,38,41] | 173 | 3.01 (0.32-28.61) | 89 | [33,49] | 21 |
APRI | 5.27 (2.34-11.83) | 91 | [31,40,41] | 150 | 4.24 (2.15-8.38) | 20 | [33,36,41] | 149 |
pre-Rx | 4.23 (1.42-12.62) | 83 | [31,40,41] | 142 | - | - | [33] | 12 |
post-Rx with SVR | 9.33 (5.85-14.88) | 0 | [31,41] | 130 | 9.88 (2.21-44.16) | 24 | [33,41] | 134 |
LSM | 9.45 (4.49-19.92) | 70 | [14,15,29,30,34,38] | 301 | 7.90 (3.98-15.68) | 52 | [15,29,30,32,34,35,38] | 362 |
pre-Rx | 4.68 (2.00-10.96) | 40 | [15,38] | 54 | 3.76 (1.77-8.02) | 7 | [15,35,38] | 63 |
post-Rx with SVR | 8.90 (4.10-19.33) | 36 | [14,29,30,38] | 76 | 6.33 (2.57-15.59) | 17 | [29,30,38] | 51 |
Table 3 Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of non-invasive tests for overall mortality, liver-related mortality, and composite outcomes
Ref. | NIT1 | Outcome | AUROC (95%CI) |
Chalouni et al[18], 2019 | APRI | OM | 0.58 (N/A) |
LRM | 0.80 (N/A) | ||
LRE | 0.75 (N/A) | ||
FIB-4 | OM | 0.66 (N/A) | |
LRM | 0.88 (N/A) | ||
LRE | 0.78 (N/A) | ||
TE | OM | 0.69 (N/A) | |
LRM | 0.88 (N/A) | ||
LRE | 0.88 (N/A) | ||
Hansen et al[20], 2019 | TE | OM | 0.70 (0.62–0.78) |
LRM | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | ||
HD (HCC included) | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) | ||
Munteanu et al[22], 2018 | Fibrotest | OM | 0.74 (0.71-0.77) |
LRM | 0.88 (0.85-0.90) | ||
Thandassery et al[43], 2017 | APRI (Pre-Rx) | HD | 0.54 (0.06–0.78) |
FIB-4 (Pre-Rx) | HD | 0.85 (0.74–0.96) | |
Pérez-Latorre et al[24], 2016 | TE | OM | Estimation cohort 0.87 (0.84-0.90) |
Validation cohort 0.88 (0.84-0.91) | |||
Lee et al[46], 2016 | TE (Post-Rx) | A composite outcome of HD, HCC, and/or LRM | 0.92 (0.84-1.00) |
Berenguer et al[12], 2015 | FIB-4 (Pre-Rx) | LRE (HD or HCC) | 0.75 (0.72-0.78) |
Yu et al[11], 2006 | APRI (Pre-Rx) | OM | 0.53 (0.35-0.72) |
APRI (Post-Rx) | OM | 0.87 (0.81-0.93) |
Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of non-invasive test for the prediction of liver-related mortality
Unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) | ||||
Ref. | NIT1 | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
Hansen et al[20], 2019 | TE | 97.00 (13.20–713.00) | < 0.005 | |
Shili-Masmoudi et al[28], 2019 | TE | 29.65 (8.88–99.01) | < 0.001 | |
Nunes et al[27], 2010 | APRI | 10.18 (4.86–21.32) | N/A | |
FIB-4 | 9.45 (4.51–19.79) | N/A | ||
Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) | ||||
Ref. | NIT1 | aHR (95%CI) | P value | Adjustment variables |
Hansen et al[20], 2019 | TE | 11.00 (1.22–98.60) | 0.018 | SVR |
Shili-Masmoudi et al[28], 2019 | TE | 20.60 (5.99–70.78) | < 0.001 | Gender, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, CD4 count, HCV genotype, metabolic disorders, previous HCV treatment |
Macías et al[21], 2015 | TE | 29.90 (4.30–217.00) | 0.001 | Age, gender, platelet counts, AIDS at baseline, alcohol use, treatment against HCV, time-varying CD4 cell counts, undetectable HIV RNA |
Tada et al[48], 2016 | FIB-4 (Pre-Rx) | 13.02 (4.16–40.77) | < 0.001 | Age, gender, AST concentration, ALT concentration, albumin, total bilirubin concentration, prothrombin time, platelet count, AFP concentration, FIB-4 index |
Nunes et al[27], 2010 | FIB-4 | 1.19 (1.12–1.27) | < 0.001 | Gender, MELD |
FIB-4 | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | 0.001 | Gender, CPT | |
APRI | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | 0.035 | Gender, CPT | |
APRI | 1.25 (1.15–1.35) | < 0.001 | Gender, MELD |
Table 5 Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of non-invasive tests for the prediction of hepatic decompensation and other composite outcomes
Unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) | |||||
Ref. | Outcomes | NIT1 | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
Hansen et al[20], 2019 | HD (HCC included) | TE | 59.00 (17.40–200.00) | < 0.005 | |
Ogasawara et al[38], 2019 | HD | TE (Pre-Rx) | 7.77 (1.29–46.20) | 0.025 | |
TE (Post-Rx) | 17.80 (1.85–171.30) | 0.013 | |||
Bloom et al[17], 2018 | LRE (HD, HCC and OM) | TE | 56.00 (7.00–415.00) | < 0.001 | |
Gomez-Moreno et al[19], 2017 | LRE (HD, HCC or LRM) | TE | 33.27 (7.25–152.63) | < 0.001 | |
Pérez-Latorre et al[24], 2016 | HD or HCC, whichever occurred first | TE (Post-Rx) | 37.76 (17.87–79.80) | < 0.001 | |
Macías et al[21], 2015 | HD (HCC included) | TE | 39.90 (5.50–291.00) | < 0.0001 | |
Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) | |||||
Ref. | Outcomes | NIT1 | aHR (95%CI) | P value | Adjustment variables |
Hansen et al[20], 2019 | HD (HCC included) | TE | 9.00 (2.49-32.20) | 0.001 | Age, SVR, hyaluronic acid |
Ogasawara et al[38], 2019 | HD | TE (Pre-Rx) | 4.85 (0.80–29.40) | 0.086 | Platelet count, albumin |
TE (Post-Rx) | 14.90 (1.45-152.10) | 0.023 | Platelet count, albumin | ||
Peleg et al[23], 2019 | OM or HCC | TE (Post-Rx) | 2.32 (0.97-6.59) | 0.062 | liver steatosis, baseline serum platelets |
Gomez-Moreno et al[19], 2017 | LRE (HD, HCC and OM) | TE | 30.97 (6.73-142.51) | < 0.001 | Age, gender, time since HCV diagnosis, HCV genotype, injection drug use, high alcohol intake, HCV antiviral therapy |
Merchante et al[26], 2017 | HD | TE | 1.90 (1.04–3.64) | < 0.001 | Age, gender, SVR during follow-up |
Lee et al[46], 2016 | HD, HCC, and/or LRM | TE (Post-Rx) | 9.47 (1.02-88.13) | 0.048 | Age, AFP |
Macías et al[21], 2015 | HD (HCC included) | TE | 59.50 (8.30-427.00) | < 0.001 | Age, gender, platelet counts, AIDS at baseline, alcohol use, treatment against HCV, time-varying CD4 cell counts and undetectable HIV RNA. |
Berenguer et al[12], 2015 | OM/LRE (HD or HCC), whichever occurred first. | FIB-4 (Pre-Rx) | 3.90 (2.46-6.16) | < 0.001 | Age, gender, HIV transmission category, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV clinical category, CD4 cell nadir, HCV genotype, HCV RNA, alcohol intake, methadone use, SVR |
- Citation: Yongpisarn T, Thimphitthaya C, Laoveeravat P, Wongjarupong N, Chaiteerakij R. Non-invasive tests for predicting liver outcomes in chronic hepatitis C patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13(8): 949-968
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v13/i8/949.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v13.i8.949