Clinical outcomes of patients with two small hepatocellular carcinomas

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 104 patients with two hepatocellular carcinomas according to synchronous or sequential tumor

	All (n = 104)	Synchronous group (n = 59)	Sequential group (n = 45)	P value
Age, yr, median (IQR)	63 (10)	63 (10)	63 (9)	0.41
Gender, n (%)				0.08
Male	89 (85.6)	51 (86.4)	38 (84.4)
Female	15 (14.4)	8 (13.6)	7 (15.6)
Aetiology, n (%)				0.73
Alcohol	12 (11.5)	8 (13.6)	4 (8.9)
HCV	42 (40.4)	22 (37.3)	20 (44.4)
HBV	15 (14.4)	8 (13.6)	7 (15.6)
NASH	5 (4.8)	4 (6.8)	1 (2.2)
Alcohol and HCV	18 (17.3)	9 (15.3)	9 (20.0)
Other1	12 (11.5)	8 (13.6)	4 (8.9)
Cirrhosis status, n (%)				0.07
Non-cirrhotic	10 (9.6)	3 (5.1)	7 (15.6)
Cirrhotic	94 (90.4)	56 (94.9)	38 (84.4)
CTP class, n (%)				0.1
A	66 (63.5)	35 (59.3)	31 (68.9)
B	25 (24.0)	13 (22.0)	12 (26.7)
C	13 (12.5)	11 (18.6)	2 (4.4)
MELD, median (IQR)	9.6 (6)	11 (7)	8 (5)	0.01
AFP (μg/L), median (IQR)	9.6 (24.0)	8.6 (26.0)	10.4 (22.8)	0.61
Combined tumour diameter (cm), median (IQR)	3.5 (1.7)	3.8 (1.7)	3.4 (1.2)	0.28
Transplanted, n (%)	25 (24)	18 (30.5)	7 (15.6)	0.08
Death, n (%)	36 (34.6)	23 (39.0)	13 (28.9)	0.28

¹Other refers to aetiologies not listed here and is inclusive of: Mixed aetiologies, autoimmune hepatitis, hereditary haemochromatosis, α-1-antitrypsin deficiency and cryptogenic liver disease. IQR: Interquartile range; AFP: α-feto protein; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Table 2 One-, three-, and five-year survival analysis of patients with two hepatocellular carcinomas

	Overall survival (n = 104)	Overall survival	Overall survival	Transplanted survival (n = 25)	Transplant-free survival (n = 104)	Transplant-free survival	Transplant-free survival
		Synchronous group (n = 59)	Sequential group (n = 45)			Synchronous group (n = 59)	Sequential group (n = 45)
1-yr survival (%)	93	91.3	95.3	100	77.1	68.5	93.2
3-yr survival (%)	66.1	63.8	69.5	95.8	45.4	37.3	56.6
5-yr survival (%)	62.3	61.1	64.6	95.8	37.8	29.7	48.5

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of factors impacting transplant-free survival

	n (%)	HR	95%CI	P value
CTP class
A	66 (63.5)	-	-	-
B	25 (24.0)	1.51	0.81-2.82	0.19
C	13 (12.5)	2.26	0.90-5.65	0.8
MELD at diagnosis
≤ 14	85 (81.7)	-	-	-
> 14	19 (18.3)	2.51	1.15-5.46	0.02
Lesion group
Synchronous	59 (56.7)	-	-	-
Sequential	45 (43.3)	0.7	0.38-1.27	0.24

HR: Hazard ratios; CI: Confidence interval; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score.