Comparison of four non-alcoholic fatty liver disease detection scores in a Caucasian population

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the EFFECT and prospective investigation of obesity, energy and metabolism samples

	EFFECT sample		POEM sample
Variable	n	mean ± SD or proportion	n	mean ± SD
Age (yr)	310	64.6 ± 7.2	310	50.1 ± 0.1
Sex (% female)	310	39	310	51
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	310	143 ± 17	310	125 ± 16
Weight (kg)	310	90 ± 13	310	80 ± 15
Height (cm)	310	172 ± 9	310	173 ± 10
Waist circumference (cm)	310	107 ± 11	310	92 ± 11
BMI (kg/m2)	310	30.4 ± 3.4	310	26.4 ± 4.3
Diabetes medication (%)	310	41	310	2.2
Statin treatment (%)	310	39	310	4.1
Antihypertensive treatment (%)	310	57	310	7.3
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	308	7.4 ± 2.0	310	5.09 ± 0.78
Fasting insulin (mU/L)	306	10.9 ± 6.9	309	6.49 ± 9.49
Serum cholesterol (mmol/L)	308	5.51 ± 1.41	310	5.29 ± 1
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)	308	2.14 ± 1.16	310	1.15 ± 0.7
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	308	1.34 ± 0.37	310	1.39 ± 0.37
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	308	3.47 ± 1.23	310	3.39 ± 0.87
ALT (ukat/L)	307	0.62 ± 0.45	307	0.45 ± 0.15
AST (ukat/L)	301	0.51 ± 0.24	307	0.34 ± 0.15
Liver PDFF (%)	310	13.2 ± 9.5	310	4.2 ± 5.4
NAFLD (%)	310	75	310	23
Metabolic syndrome (%)	308	81	310	15

P < 0.001 for differences between the two samples for all variables except height, LDL and HDL-cholesterol, which did not show statistical significance. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PDFF: Proton density fat fraction; POEM: Prospective investigation of obesity, energy and metabolism; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curves for the liver fat scores in the prospective investigation of obesity, energy and metabolism study

Liver fat scores	AUC
FLI	0.8190 (0.7661-0.8717)
LAP	0.7705 (0.7096-0.8271)
LFS	0.7774 (0.7106-0.8273)
HSI	0.7850 (0.7265-0.8458)

The 95% confidence interval for the total area under the curve is given in parenthesis. AUC: Area under the curve; FLI: Fatty liver index; HIS: Hepatic steatosis index; LAP: Lipid accumulation product; LFS: Liver fat score.

Table 3 Area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curves for the subgroups (diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia) in the high-risk population in the EFFECT studies

Liver fat scores	Diabetes	Hypertriglyceridemia	Total
FLI	0.6906	0.6896	0.6896 (0.6201-0.7591)
LAP	0.6744	0.7306	0.6844 (0.6171-0.7515)
LFS	0.8074	0.8168	0.7994 (0.7450-0.8538)
HSI	0.7457	0.7308	0.7450 (0.6768-0.8131)

The 95% confidence interval for the total area under the curve is given in parenthesis. FLI: Fatty liver index; HIS: Hepatic steatosis index; LAP: Lipid accumulation product; LFS: Liver fat score; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic.