Paraneoplastic syndromes in cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Summary of literature on dermatological paraneoplastic syndromes in cholangiocarcinoma

Ref.	Year	Paraneoplastic syndrome	Mediator
Dermatologic
Ravnborg et al[15]	1993	Acanthosis nigricans	TGF-alpha
Suchonwanit et al[19]	2018	Alopecia	T-lymphocytes
Antoniou et al[20]	2012	Alopecia	T-lymphocytes
Suh et al[23]	2016	Dermatomyositis
Yasuda et al[26]	2018	Dermatomyositis
Sotoodian et al[27]	2018	Disseminated superficial porokeratosis	p53
Cannavó et al[29]	2008	Disseminated superficial porokeratosis	p53
Chiyomaru et al[33]	2010	Necrolytic migratory erythema
Tzovaras et al[36]	2007	Persistent erythema multiforme
Shinojima et al[39]	2006	Sweet syndrome	G-CSF, IL-1, IL-6
Karabulut et al[43]	2006	Bazex syndrome
Liau et al[47]	2016	Erythema gyratum
Bar-Ilan et al[48]	2017	Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Morgenthau et al[51]	2019	Sign of leser- trelat	EGF-alpha
Opneja et al[53]	2015	Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

TGF-alpha: Tissue growth factor-alpha; G-CSF: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; IL: Interleukin; EGF-alpha: Epidermal growth factor-alpha.

Table 2 Summary of literature on paraneoplastic syndromes in cholangiocarcinoma associated with other systems

Ref.	Year	Paraneoplastic syndrome	Mediator
Neurological
Schmidt et al[57]	2016	Limbic encephalopathy	ANNA-1, Anti-Ma2, Anti-PCA-2/anti-Tr, Anti-VGKC
Bruhnding et al[60]	2016	Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration	Anti-Yo antibodies
Renal
Normand et al[62]	2017	Glomerulonephritis
Hematological
Solans-Laque et al[65]	2008	Vasculitis
Blum et al[67]	2016	Trousseau syndrome
Jang et al[68]	2006	Trousseau syndrome
Samadian et al[72]	1999	Anti-phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Ham et al[74]	2015	Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction
Multisystem
Hatzis et al[78]	1998	Polyarteritis nodosa	p-ANCA
Raza et al[85]	2013	Adult-onset still disease
Humoral
Erdinc et al[88]	2019	Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy	PTHrP

TGF-alpha: Tissue growth factor-alpha; G-CSF: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; IL: Interleukin; EGF-alpha: Epidermal growth factor-alpha; ANNA: Antineuronal nuclear antibody; PCA: Purkinje cell antibody; VGKC: Voltage-gated potassium channel; ANCA: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; PTHrP: Parathyroid hormone-related protein.