Published online Nov 27, 2020. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i11.897
Peer-review started: June 16, 2020
First decision: July 30, 2020
Revised: August 13, 2020
Accepted: September 8, 2020
Article in press: September 8, 2020
Published online: November 27, 2020
Processing time: 161 Days and 7.4 Hours
Paraneoplastic syndromes are the symptoms or signs which result from damage to tissues that are distant from the site of malignancy, due to complex interactions between the body’s immune system and malignant neoplasm. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy of hepatobiliary tree and it is found to be associated with various paraneoplastic syndromes. These syndromes can present as dermatological, neurological, renal, hematological, or multi-systemic manifestations. Clinical suspicion and timely recognition of these syndromes can lead to early diagnosis of covert malignancies like CCA. The management plan remains the removal of the underlying cause which in this case is CCA.
Core Tip: Various case reports have been published focusing on single paraneoplastic syndromes associated with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) but none of the studies has reported these manifestations collectively. This review summarizes different paraneoplastic syndromes which are associated with CCA to give a better idea about how it affects various organ systems.