Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Hepatol. Jun 27, 2018; 10(6): 433-447
Published online Jun 27, 2018. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i6.433
Table 1 Characteristics of patients classified as BCLC stage B or C hepatocellular carcinoma
Ref.YearnMale (%)Cirrhosis (%)HBV (%)HCV (%)Median tumor diameter (cm)
BCLC stage B
Régimbeau et al[25]19999475 (79.8)37 (39.4)35 (37.2)10 (10.6)12.0
Hanazaki et al[19]2001133105 (78.9)NSNSNS8.6
Ng et al[10]2005380278 (73.2)380 (100.0)281 (73.9)20 (5.3)NS
Chen et al[26] (TP1)2006959816 (85.1)717 (74.8)776 (80.9)NS14.9
Chen et al[26] (TP2)20061143968 (84.7)897 (78.5)940 (82.2)NS11.1
Cho et al[26]200723046 (20.0)35 (15.2)40 (17.4)5 (2.2)7.1
Vitale et al[31]2009124NSNSNSNSNS
Yang et al[11]2009260228 (87.7)198 (76.2)239 (91.9)NS9.6
Zhou et al[29] (SX)20095649 (87.5)50 (89.3)55 (98.2)0 (0.0)9.5
Zhou et al[29] (TCSX)20095248 (92.3)49 (94.2)51 (98.1)0 (0.0)9.0
Delis et al[27]20106645 (68.2)NS36 (54.5)15 (22.7)8.4
Lin et al[30]20109375 (80.6)NS60 (64.5)22 (23.7)8.0
Ramacciato et al[28]20105137 (72.5)44 (86.3)NSNS8.2
Xu et al[21]2010165NSNSNSNSNS
Wei et al[22]201151NSNSNSNSNS
Zhou et al[20]20118574 (87.1)65 (76.5)68 (80.0)6 (7.1)NS
Chang et al[32]2012318263 (82.7)97 (30.5)201 (63.2)57 (17.9)7.4
Hsu et al[34]2012268213 (79.5)NS176 (65.7)48 (17.9)NS
Ma et al[23]2012178158 (88.8)79 (44.4)140 (78.7)41 (23.0)NS
Torzilli et al[12]2013737586 (79.5)360 (48.8)158 (21.4)208 (28.2)6.0
Zhong et al[120]2013660NSNSNSNSNS
BCLC Stage C
Ohkubo et al[79]20004741 (87.2)NS20 (42.6)11 (23.4)NS
Wu et al[57] (SX 1st bifurcation)20001513 (86.7)NS14 (93.3)2 (13.3)10.8
Wu et al[57] (SX 1st)20009783 (85.6)NS67 (69.1)25 (25.8)8.8
Minagawa et al[58]200118NSNSNSNS5.3
Poon et al[59]20032018 (90.0)NS17 (85.0)NS8.6
Fan et al[60] (SX, CHT)20058476 (90.5)NSNSNS10.5
Fan et al[60] (SX)20052420 (83.3)NSNSNSNS
Pawlik et al[10]200510287 (85.3)NSNSNS10
Chen et al[62] (SX 1st)2006286248 (86.7)NS172 (60.1)NS7.7
Chen et al[62] (SX Main)2006152135 (88.8)NS95 (62.5)NS8.1
Ikai et al[64]20067857 (73.1)NS24 (30.8)36 (46.2)NS
Le Treut et al[63]20062622 (84.6)NSNSNS9
Kamiyama et al[66] (RTSX)20071513 (86.7)NSNSNS6.47
Kamiyama et al[66] (SX)20072825 (89.3)NSNSNS11
Takizawa et al[65]2007128 (66.7)NSNSNS8.24
Ban et al[69]200945NSNSNSNSNS
Inoue et al[70] (TB)20092019 (95.0)NS6 (30.0)12 (60.0)NS
Inoue et al[70] (EN)20092926 (89.7)NS10 (34.5)15 (51.7)NS
Kondo et al[68] (SX, Main)20095NSNSNSNSNS
Kondo et al[68] (SX, 1st-3rd)200943NSNSNSNSNS
Peng et al[67] (TC)20095146 (90.2)NS31 (60.8)5 (9.8)9.04
Peng et al[67] (SX)20095350 (94.3)NS40 (75.5)3 (5.7)8.39
Vitale et al[31]200948NSNSNSNSNS
Shi et al[71]2010406361 (88.9)NS354 (87.2)3 (0.7)NS
Xu et al[21]201095NSNSNSNSNS
Lin et al[72] (TP1)201121NSNSNSNSNS
Lin et al[72] (TP2)201147NSNSNSNSNS
Peng et al[14]2011201187 (93.0)NS172 (85.6)4 (2.0)NS
Wei et al[22]201117NSNSNSNSNS
Chang et al[32]2012160140 (87.5)60 (37.5)112 (70.0)20 (12.5)7.5
Huang et al[56] (SX)20125440 (74.1)NS41 (75.9)2 (3.7)21.4
Huang et al[56] (SXTC)20126242 (67.7)NS50 (80.6)0 (0.0)20.5
Liu et al[74]20126554 (83.1)NSNSNSNS
Ma et al[23]20124641 (89.1)25 (54.3)41 (89.1)0 (0.0)NS
Li et al[75]20131311 (84.6)NSNSNS10.2
Nitta et al[77]20133528 (80.0)NS7 (20.0)21 (60.0)7
Roayaie et al[78]2013164132 (80.5)NS61 (37.2)70 (42.7)90
Tang et al[76]2013186166 (89.2)NS159 (85.5)23 (12.4)9.53
Torzilli et al[12]2013297228 (76.8)169 (56.9)61 (20.5)100 (33.7)6.0
Zhong et al[120]2013248NSNSNSNSNS
Table 2 Clinical outcomes of liver resection in BCLC stage B or C hepatocellular carcinoma
Ref.Recruitment periodnOverall survival (%)
Median OS (mo)Disease free survival (%)
Median DFS (mo)
1-yr3-yr5-yr1-yr3-yr5-yr
BCLC stage B
Régimbeau et al[25]1984-19969469.045.031.0NS51.035.021.0NS
Hanazaki et al[19]1983-199713370.038.028.0NS65.026.020.0NS
Ng et al[10]1982-200138074.050.039.036.954.038.026.015.6
Chen et al[26] (TP1)1990-200395967.850.727.916.056.534.718.910.0
Chen et al[26] (TP2)1990-2003114371.258.838.719.061.538.623.817.0
Cho et al[26]1998-200123085.059.352.9NS58.340.031.7NS
Vitale et al[31]2000-200712485.056.0NSNSNSNSNSNS
Yang et al[11]1992-200226087.055.538.245.582.451.035.036.7
Zhou et al[29] (SX)2001-20035669.632.121.1NS39.221.48.9NS
Zhou et al[29] (TCSX)2001-20035273.140.430.7NS48.925.512.8NS
Delis et al[27]2002-20086669.037.032.036.060.033.029.029.0
Lin et al[30]2001-20079383.049.030.027.6NSNSNSNS
Ramacciato et al[28]2000-200651NSNS56.168.0NSNS41.3NS
Xu et al[21]1991-200416575.657.440.2NSNSNSNSNS
Wei et al[22]2003-20075184.354.9NSNS70.245.4NSNS
Zhou et al[20]1995-20028593.856.247.056.074.334.414.836.0
Chang et al[32]1991-200631881.259.446.5NS55.839.431.96.0
Hsu et al[34]2002-201026882.068.046.0NSNSNSNSNS
Ma et al[23]1998-201117877.026.010.027.949.018.0NS16.8
Torzilli et al[12]1990-200973788.071.057.0NS63.038.027.0NS
Zhong et al[120]2000-200766091.067.044.0NSNSNSNSNS
BCLC stage C
Ohkubo et al[79]1985-19974753.933.223.9NS31.217.9NSNS
Wu et al[57] (SX 1st bifurcation)1990-19981580.044.026.4NS67.032.021.1NS
Wu et al[57] (SX 1st)1990-19989768.034.028.5NS51.022.020.4NS
Minagawa et al[58]1989-19981882.042.042.040.8NSNSNS7.8
Poon et al[59]1989-20002030.013.313.36.015.05.05.02.9
Fan et al[60] (SX, CHT)1997-20028429.315.6NS15.1NSNSNSNS
Fan et al[60] (SX)1997-20022422.70.0NS10.1NSNSNSNS
Pawlik et al[10]1984-199910245.017.010.011.0NSNSNSNS
Chen et al[62] (SX 1st)1990-200328658.722.718.118.8NSNSNSNS
Chen et al[62] (SX Main)1990-200315239.55.70.010.1NSNSNSNS
Ikai et al[64]1990-20027845.721.710.98.9NSNSNSNS
Le Treut et al[63]1988-20042638.520.013.09.0NSNSNSNS
Kamiyama et al[66] (RTSX)1990-20061586.243.534.819.6NSNSNSNS
Kamiyama et al[66] (SX)1990-20062839.013.113.19.1NSNSNSNS
Takizawa et al[65]1992-20031263.653.026.026.0NSNSNSNS
Ban et al[69]1992-20084569.637.422.420.030.421.20.0NS
Inoue et al[70] (TB)1995-20062058.046.039.0NS34.034.023.0NS
Inoue et al[70] (EN)1995-20062965.041.041.0NS38.022.018.0NS
Kondo et al[68] (SX, Main)1996-2004520.0NSNSNSNSNSNSNS
Kondo et al[68] (SX, 1st-3rd)1996-20044354.033.027.0NSNSNSNSNS
Peng et al[67] (TC)1996-20045150.933.821.613.0NSNSNSNS
Peng et al[67] (SX)1996-20045333.317.08.59.0NSNSNSNS
Vitale et al[31]2000-20074855.044.00.0NSNSNSNSNS
Shi et al[71]2001-200340634.413.0NSNS13.34.7NSNS
Xu et al[21]1991-20049537.518.214.2NSNSNSNSNS
Lin et al[72] (TP1)1996-20062177.019.05.021.0NSNSNSNS
Lin et al[72] (TP2)1996-20064776.051.036.036.0NSNSNSNS
Peng et al[14]2002-200720142.014.111.120.0NSNSNSNS
Wei et al[22]2003-20071752.929.4NSNS35.217.6NSNS
Chang et al[32]1990-20093445.020.020.0NSNSNSNSNS
Huang et al[56] (SX)1991-200616057.633.829.1NS35.327.225.0NS
Huang et al[56] (SXTC)1998-20085471.035.011.0NSNSNSNSNS
Liu et al[74]1998-20086271.024.06.0NSNSNSNSNS
Ma et al[23]2000-20096584.0NSNS1779.0NSNS14.0
Li et al[75]1998-20114637.016.0NS16.916.0NSNS7.7
Nitta et al[77]1997-20091353.815.4NSNSNSNSNSNS
Roayaie et al[78]2006-20083578.037.432.7NS45.011.811.8NS
Tang et al[76]1992-201016450.023.01413.140.020.018.08.1
Torzilli et al[12]2006-200818640.113.6NS10.0NSNSNSNS
Zhong et al[120]1990-200929776.049.038.0NS46.028.018.0NS
Ohkubo et al[79]2000-200724881.046.020.0NSNSNSNSNS
Table 3 Characteristics of patients classified as large or small hepatocellular carcinoma
Ref.YearnMale (%)Cirrhosis (%)HBV (%)HCV (%)Median tumor diameter (cm)
Large HCC
Poon et al[36]200212099 (82.5)32 (26.7)103 (85.8)NS13.8
Yeh et al[38]2003211164 (77.7)63 (29.9)163 (77.3)16 (7.6)13.9
Zhou et al[37]2003621NSNSNSNSNS
Liau et al[41]20058248 (58.5)8 (9.8)NSNS14.7
Nagano et al[40]20052619 (73.1)5 (19.2)14 (53.8)3 (11.5)14.8
Pawlik et al[10]2005300222 (74.0)NS188 (62.7)NSNS
Lee et al[43]200710077 (77.0)NSNSNS12.5
Pandey et al[44]2007166143 (86.1)80 (48.2)130 (78.3)2 (1.2)13.0
Shah et al[42]200724NSNS9 (37.5)1 (4.2)13.1
Young et al[45]20074229 (69.0)2 (4.8)NSNS14.0
Shimada et al[46]20088572 (84.7)NS27 (31.8)19 (22.4)12.0
Taniai et al[47]20082926 (89.7)12 (41.4)6 (20.7)17 (58.6)13.5
Choi et al[50]20095034 (68.0)13 (26.0)33 (66.0)1 (2.0)NS
Miyoshi et al[49]20092219 (86.4)5 (22.7)NSNS12.0
Ng et al[48]20094433 (75.0)NS15 (34.1)3 (6.8)12.4
Yamashita et al[51]20115348 (90.6)NS18 (34.0)22 (41.5)13.2
Truant et al[35]20125238 (73.1)23 (44.2)6 (11.5)NS14.0
Allemann et al[55]201322NS9 (40.9)4 (18.2)2 (9.1)13.5
Ariizumi et al[54]2013107NSNSNSNSNS
Shrager et al[52]201313098 (75.4)NS56 (43.1)23 (17.7)14.2
Yang et al[53]2013258212 (82.2)171 (66.3)195 (75.6)NS13.2
Small HCC
Miyoshi et al[49]2009230160 (69.6)114 (49.6)NSNS3.4
Allemann et al[55]201379NS61 (77.2)10 (12.7)13 (16.5)4.9
Poon et al[36]2002368295 (80.2)203 (55.2)311 (84.5)NS5.4
Yeh et al[38]2003778776 (99.7)591 (76.0)616 (79.2)305 (39.2)4.5
Zhou et al[37]20032039NSNSNSNSNS
Liau et al[41]200511180 (72.1)40 (36.0)NSNS6.1
Nagano et al[40]2005143112 (78.3)81 (56.6)17 (11.9)87 (60.8)3.3
Shah et al[42]2007165NSNS73 (44.2)36 (21.8)4.7
Young et al[45]20074330 (69.8)10 (23.3)NSNS5.0
Taniai et al[47]2008291225 (77.3)156 (53.6)135 (46.4)78 (26.8)3.7
Choi et al[50]2009447344 (77.0)244 (54.6)331 (74.0)26 (5.8)NS
Yamashita et al[51]2011412328 (79.6)NS60 (14.6)311 (75.5)3.8
Truant et al[35]20123728 (75.7)26 (70.3)1 (2.7)NS4.7
Yang et al[53]2013293236 (80.5)201 (68.6)216 (73.7)NS6.7
Table 4 Clinical outcomes of liver resection in large or small hepatocellular carcinoma
Ref.Recruitment periodnOverall survival (%)
Median OS (mo)Disease free survival (%)
Median DFS (mo)
1-yr3-yr5-yr1-yr3-yr5-yr
Large HCC
Poon et al[36]1991-200012060.637.827.518.832.014.19.55.5
Yeh et al[38]1982-200121148.124.016.7NS32.918.812.7NS
Zhou et al[37]1964-199962168.037.326.2NSNSNSNSNS
Liau et al[41]1985-20028273.049.033.032.080.044.024.022.0
Nagano et al[40]1985-20012641.029.329.310.165.449.0NS29.0
Pawlik et al[10]1981-200030064.936.726.920.3NSNSNSNS
Lee et al[43]1997-200310066.044.031.0NS43.026.020.0NS
Pandey et al[44]1995-200616665.035.028.620.0NSNSNSNS
Shah et al[42]1993-20042469.063.054.0NS41.023.0NS8.4
Young et al[45]1994-20064270.045.045.0NS62.049.043.0NS
Shimada et al[46]1988-200485NSNS31.5NSNSNSNSNS
Taniai et al[47]1987-20062951.933.633.6NS48.421.521.5NS
Choi et al[50]1996-20065070.050.240.2NS49.038.638.69.0
Miyoshi et al[49]1987-20042271.860.345.220.553.329.118.212.0
Ng et al[48]1990-20084466.438.127.821.549.623.919.110.7
Yamashita et al[51]1995-20075374.043.035.0NS50.040.024.0NS
Truant et al[35]2000-201052NSNS43.3NSNSNS39.3NS
Allemann et al[55]1997-20092284.072.045.027.064.028.027.010.0
Ariizumi et al[54] (S)1990-2008NS81.060.047.014.341.018.012.0NS
Ariizumi et al[54] (M)1990-2008NS88.083.079.038.576.054.048.0NS
Shrager et al[52]1992-201013056.930.218.817.031.813.411.56.7
Yang et al[53]2002-201125884.062.033.0NS61.024.06.0NS
Small HCC
Miyoshi et al[49]1987-200423089.374.660.448.268.043.726.720.0
Allemann et al[55]1997-20097975.042.021.024.050.018.014.015.0
Poon et al[36]1991-200036883.364.251.662.864.641.828.225.4
Yeh et al[38]1982-200177881.457.339.5NS61.240.732.1NS
Zhou et al[37]1964-1999203985.065.154.3NSNSNSNSNS
Liau et al[41]1985-200211180.058.039.040.070.049.031.028.0
Nagano et al[40]1985-200114393.174.544.753.480.046.531.033.9
Shah et al[42]1993-200416588.070.053.0NS76.053.043.038.0
Young et al[45]1994-20064382.063.057.0NS71.054.048.0NS
Taniai et al[47]1987-200629181.061.445.0NS74.637.125.4NS
Choi et al[50]1996-200644791.377.265.9NS72.753.145.435.0
Yamashita et al[51]1995-200741289.067.054.0NS72.045.037.0NS
Truant et al[35]2000-201037NSNS89.2NSNSNS60.7NS
Yang et al[53]2002-201129383.066.039.0NS56.026.09.0NS