Steatotic liver disease in people with human immunodeficiency virus: A narrative review of metabolic steatotic liver disorders

Figure 1 Progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Steatosis may progress nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with inflammation, subsequently to fibrosis through hepatic stellate cell activation, and ultimately promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, even in the absence of advanced fibrosis. NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Figure 2 Summary of the main differences in antiretroviral therapy selection, monitoring, and treatment modifications in patients with and without metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. TAF: Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate; FTC: Emtricitabine; NNRTIs: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; GLP-1RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; SGLT2i: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.