Incidence and efficacy of strategies for preventing hepatic encephalopathy following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A meta-analysis

Figure 1 Literature screening process diagram.

Figure 2 The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the drug intervention group and the untreated group. A: The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) at different times; B: The incidence of HE after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with or without a history of HE.

Figure 3 Efficacy of drug intervention in preventing hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. A: The analysis results of all literature; B: The analysis results after removing heterogeneous source literature.

Figure 4 Sensitivity analysis of the efficacy of drug intervention in preventing hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. A: Sensitivity analysis of all included literature; B: Sensitivity analysis after removing heterogeneous source articles.

Figure 5 Publication bias of the efficacy of drug intervention in preventing hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. A: Funnel plot; B: Begg test; C: Egger test.

Figure 6 Subgroup analysis of the efficacy of drug intervention in preventing hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. A: Different study types; B: Different regions; C: The presence of hepatic encephalopathy.

Figure 7 The effectiveness and survival of drug intervention on hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. A: The therapeutic effects of different drug interventions for preventing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; B: Drug prevention intervention for the treatment of overt HE; C: The impact of drug prevention interventions on survival. LM: Lactulose monoprophylaxis; RM: Rifaximin monoprophylaxis; LR: Lactulose and rifaximin; NM: No prophylactic medication.

Figure 8 Network meta-analysis. A: Network diagram; B: Funnel plot; C: Sucra cumulative probability plot. LM: Lactulose monoprophylaxis; RM: Rifaximin monoprophylaxis; LR: Lactulose and rifaximin; NM: No prophylactic medication; LOLA: L-ornithin-l-aspartate; ALB: Albumin. D: League chart. NM: No prophylactic medication; ALB: Albumin; LOLA: L-ornithin-l-aspartate; LR: Lactulose and rifaximin; RM: Rifaximin monoprophylaxis; LM: Lactulose monoprophylaxis.