Fiore M, Maraolo AE, Gentile I, Borgia G, Leone S, Sansone P, Passavanti MB, Aurilio C, Pace MC. Current concepts and future strategies in the antimicrobial therapy of emerging Gram-positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. World J Hepatol 2017; 9(30): 1166-1175 [PMID: 29109849 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i30.1166]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Marco Fiore, MD, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. marco.fiore@unicampania.it
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Hepatol. Oct 28, 2017; 9(30): 1166-1175 Published online Oct 28, 2017. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i30.1166
Current concepts and future strategies in the antimicrobial therapy of emerging Gram-positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Marco Fiore, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Ivan Gentile, Guglielmo Borgia, Sebastiano Leone, Pasquale Sansone, Maria Beatrice Passavanti, Caterina Aurilio, Maria Caterina Pace
Marco Fiore, Pasquale Sansone, Maria Beatrice Passavanti, Caterina Aurilio, Maria Caterina Pace, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Ivan Gentile, Guglielmo Borgia, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Sebastiano Leone, Division of Infectious Diseases, “San Giuseppe Moscati” Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy
Author contributions: Fiore M designed the research; Fiore M and Maraolo AE collected the data; Leone S cross-checked results and resolved disagreement; Sansone P, Passavanti MB, Aurilio C and Pace MC contributed to conception of the study; Gentile I and Borgia G supervised the paper; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None of the authors have any conflict of interest in connection with this study.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Marco Fiore, MD, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. marco.fiore@unicampania.it
Telephone: +39-81-5665180 Fax: +39-81-455426
Received: June 15, 2017 Peer-review started: June 19, 2017 First decision: July 20, 2017 Revised: August 3, 2017 Accepted: September 16, 2017 Article in press: September 28, 2017 Published online: October 28, 2017 Processing time: 133 Days and 3.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the most common infection in end-stage liver disease cirrhotic patients. Over the last decade, a worryingly increasing prevalence of Gram-positive and multi-drug resistant (MDR) SBP causative bacteria has been seen. Numerous driving factors have been proposed as associated with this epidemiological change. The aim of this review is to describe, with an epidemiological focus, the evidence behind this rise in Gram-positive and MDR SBP from 2000 to present, and illustrate potential targeted therapeutic strategies. Third-generation cephalosporins should be avoided in clinical settings with a high prevalence of MDR. An appropriate treatment protocol should include daptomycin plus ceftaroline and meropenem.
