New horizon for radical cure of chronic hepatitis B virus infection

doi:10.4254/wjh.v8.i21.863

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Editorial

World J Hepatol. Jul 28, 2016; 8(21): 863-873
Published online Jul 28, 2016. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i21.863

New horizon for radical cure of chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Kazuto Tajiri, Yukihiro Shimizu

Kazuto Tajiri, the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0194, Japan

Yukihiro Shimizu, Gastroenterology Center, Nanto Municipal Hospital, Toyama 932-0211, Japan

Author contributions: Tajiri K and Shimizu Y wrote this paper; Shimizu Y conducted this work.

Conflict-of-interest statement: Tajiri K and Shimizu Y declare there is no conflict of interest related to this publication.

Correspondence to: Yukihiro Shimizu, MD, PhD, Gastroenterology Center, Nanto Municipal Hospital, 938 Inami, Toyama 932-0211, Japan. rsf14240@nifty.com

Telephone: +81-76-3821475 Fax: +81-76-3821853

Received: March 27, 2016
Peer-review started: March 28, 2016
First decision: May 17, 2016
Revised: May 28, 2016
Accepted: June 27, 2016
Article in press: June 29, 2016
Published online: July 28, 2016
Processing time: 116 Days and 20.4 Hours

Core Tip

Core tip: Among the agents used to treat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are nucleos(t)ide analogues, which have been shown to strongly suppress HBV replication. HBV replication, however, may be reactivated after cessation of treatment, because complete removal of covalently-closed circular DNA (cccDNA) from hepatocyte nuclei is extremely difficult. Immune responses have been shown to destroy cccDNA, but immune response alone is insufficient for complete eradication of template DNA. Several drugs were recently developed to block the HBV life cycle in hepatocytes, with drugs targeting cccDNA being, at least theoretically, the most effective for radical cure of chronic HBV infection. The safety of these agents should be extensively examined before their use in patients. Combinations of two or more classes of agent may be necessary for radical cure of chronic HBV infection.