Hepatitis B reactivation in the setting of chemotherapy and immunosuppression - prevention is better than cure

doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i7.954

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May 8, 2015 (publication date) through Feb 26, 2026

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Hepatol. May 8, 2015; 7(7): 954-967
Published online May 8, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i7.954

Hepatitis B reactivation in the setting of chemotherapy and immunosuppression - prevention is better than cure

Venessa Pattullo

Venessa Pattullo, Department of Gastroenterology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards NSW 2065, Sydney, Australia

Venessa Pattullo, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia

Author contributions: Pattullo V solely contributed to this manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest: Venessa Pattullo has received fees for serving as a speaker from Janssen, Merck-Sharpe Dohme and Gilead within the last 5 years (content approved by independent steering committees). There are no other potential conflicts of interest to report.

Correspondence to: Dr. Venessa Pattullo, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Royal North Shore Hospital, 4B Acute Services Building, St Leonards NSW 2065, Sydney, Australia. venessa.pattullo@sydney.edu.au

Telephone: +61-2-94632450 Fax: +61-2-94632041

Received: December 2, 2014
Peer-review started: December 4, 2014
First decision: January 8, 2015
Revised: January 31, 2015
Accepted: February 10, 2015
Article in press: February 12, 2015
Published online: May 8, 2015
Processing time: 162 Days and 1 Hours

Core Tip

Core tip: Hepatitis B virus reactivation is a potentially fatal but preventable complication of chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Both chronically infected [hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive] and previously exposed (HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive) patients are susceptible, the risk observed to be strongly associated with the potency of the immunosuppressive drug regime and the baseline virological status. The knowledge gaps that require further investigation in the optimal management of this phenomenon are discussed in this review. Recommendations regarding screening, monitoring and the role of antiviral prophylaxis are outlined with reference to current international associations’ guidelines and the best available evidence to date.