Magnetic resonance imaging of the cirrhotic liver: An update

doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.468

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2015; 7(3): 468-487
Published online Mar 27, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.468

Magnetic resonance imaging of the cirrhotic liver: An update

Agnes Watanabe, Miguel Ramalho, Mamdoh AlObaidy, Hye Jin Kim, Fernanda G Velloni, Richard C Semelka

Agnes Watanabe, Miguel Ramalho, Mamdoh AlObaidy, Hye Jin Kim, Fernanda G Velloni, Richard C Semelka, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, United States

Author contributions: All authors have contributed equally to this work in form of literature review, manuscript writing/editing, and figure collection/illustration/annotation/captioning.

Conflict-of-interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Correspondence to: Richard C Semelka, MD, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7510 - 2001 Old Clinic Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, United States. richsem@med.unc.edu

Telephone: +1-999-9669676 Fax: +1-999-8437147

Received: August 30, 2014
Peer-review started: August 30, 2014
First decision: September 30, 2014
Revised: October 10, 2014
Accepted: December 3, 2014
Article in press: December 3, 2014
Published online: March 27, 2015
Processing time: 213 Days and 15.3 Hours

Core Tip

Core tip: Noninvasive imaging has become the standard for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis in cirrhotic patients. Typical imaging features of HCC, including increased arterial enhancement and delayed washout, provide very high specificity and acceptable sensitivity in characterizing even very small nodules. Diagnostic limitations apply to detecting hypovascular HCCs and differentiating high-grade dysplastic nodules from early HCCs. New techniques such as diffusion-weighted images, T2*, and hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, are being currently evaluated, which might improve future detection and characterization of hepatic lesions when combined with the current standard imaging protocols with dynamic imaging.