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Letter to the Editor: Gallbladder cancer deserves attention: From epidemiologic awareness to organized referral pathways and translational research
Fabio Ferrari Makdissi, Marina Alessandra Pereira, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto do Cancer, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246000, Brazil
José Jukemura, Paulo Herman, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403900, Brazil
Co-corresponding authors: Fabio Ferrari Makdissi and Marina Alessandra Pereira.
Author contributions: Makdissi FF wrote the original draft; Pereira MA contributed to conceptualization, reviewing and editing; Jukemura J and Herman P contributed to reviewing and editing; Makdissi FF and Pereira MA played important and indispensable roles in the manuscript preparation as the co-corresponding authors; and all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
AI contribution statement: No AI tool was used to generate research data, interpret results, or formulate conclusions.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.
Corresponding author: Fabio Ferrari Makdissi, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto do Cancer, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo 251, São Paulo 01246000, Brazil. fabio.makdissi@hc.fm.usp.br
Received: June 25, 2026
Revised: July 26, 2026
Accepted: August 10, 2026
Published online: September 27, 2026
Processing time: 85 Days and 0.7 Hours
Revised: July 26, 2026
Accepted: August 10, 2026
Published online: September 27, 2026
Processing time: 85 Days and 0.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains a highly lethal disease. Although insights into bile acids, microbiota, and immune regulation may enhance our understanding of carcinogenesis, late diagnosis and a lack of access to specialized care continue to contribute to the poor outcomes observed in patients with GBC. In turn, data from our Brazilian cohort highlight the need to combine biological insights with organized clinical pathways to improve survival.