Atwa SM, Handoussa H, Hosny KM, Odenthal M, El Tayebi HM. Pivotal role of long non-coding ribonucleic acid-X-inactive specific transcript in regulating immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 through a shared pathway between miR-194-5p and miR-155-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2020; 12(12): 1211-1227 [PMID: 33442449 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i12.1211]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Hend M El Tayebi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Lecturer, Pharmacist, Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City - Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, Cairo 11835, Egypt. hend.saber@guc.edu.eg
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Basic Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2020; 12(12): 1211-1227 Published online Dec 27, 2020. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i12.1211
Pivotal role of long non-coding ribonucleic acid-X-inactive specific transcript in regulating immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 through a shared pathway between miR-194-5p and miR-155-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma
Sara M Atwa, Heba Handoussa, Karim M Hosny, Margarete Odenthal, Hend M El Tayebi
Sara M Atwa, Heba Handoussa, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11865, Egypt
Karim M Hosny, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
Margarete Odenthal, Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne 50924, Germany
Hend M El Tayebi, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
Author contributions: El-Tayebi HM and Odenthal M designed and coordinated the study; El-Tayebi HM supported data interpretation and analysis; Handoussa H designed and supervised the natural product study; Atwa SM performed the experiments, acquired and analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; Hosny KA provided tissue samples and clinical data; all authors approved the final version of the article to be published.
Institutional review board statement: The use of human tissue samples and clinical data was approved by the ethics committee of the German University in Cairo, all patients provided signed informed consent, and the research was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interests.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hend M El Tayebi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Lecturer, Pharmacist, Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City - Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, Cairo 11835, Egypt. hend.saber@guc.edu.eg
Received: June 30, 2020 Peer-review started: June 30, 2020 First decision: September 14, 2020 Revised: September 30, 2020 Accepted: October 29, 2020 Article in press: October 29, 2020 Published online: December 27, 2020 Processing time: 170 Days and 15.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Due to the immune rich milieu of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is a good candidate for immune-based therapies. In this study, our aim was to identify potential upstream epigenetic regulators of immune checkpoint programmed cell-death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 in HCC which could be regarded as therapeutic targets. The findings of this study revealed the re-questioning of the role of certain non-coding ribonucleic acids in HCC. Here we deduced a novel shared upstream regulatory signaling pathway for programmed cell-death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 immune checkpoint between paradoxically acting tumor suppressor miR-194-5p and onco-miR-155-5p, in HCC through X-inactive specific transcript expression modulation.
