Copyright
©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver: A comprehensive review
Aakash Desai, Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, United States
Sonia Sandhu, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic/Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44307, United States
Jin-Ping Lai, Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611, United States
Dalbir Singh Sandhu, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, the United States
Author contributions: Desai A, Sandhu S, Lai JP and Sandhu DS contributed to the conception and design of the study; Desai A and Sandhu DS contributed to literature review and analysis; Desai A and Sandhu S, Sandhu DS contributed to the drafting of manuscript; Sandhu S and Lai JP contributed to critical revision and editing; all authors equally contributed to approval of the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Dalbir Singh Sandhu, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, United States. drdalbir@gmail.com
Telephone: +1-216-7785736 Fax: +1-216-7782074
Received: August 24, 2018
Peer-review started: August 24, 2018
First decision: October 4, 2018
Revised: October 4, 2018
Accepted: December 22, 2018
Article in press: December 31, 2018
Published online: January 27, 2019
Processing time: 156 Days and 6.3 Hours
Peer-review started: August 24, 2018
First decision: October 4, 2018
Revised: October 4, 2018
Accepted: December 22, 2018
Article in press: December 31, 2018
Published online: January 27, 2019
Processing time: 156 Days and 6.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer related deaths. Majority of HCC arise in a cirrhotic liver, however, 20% of cases can develop in non-cirrhotic liver. This comprehensive review focuses on risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic modalities, management strategies and future directions for HCC in non-cirrhotic liver.