Stem/progenitor cells and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome - new insights for clinical applications

Table 1 Human lung resident stem/progenitor cells

Cell type	Cell markers
Tracheal basal epithelial cells	NGFR+/ITGA6+
Type II alveolar cells	HTII-280+
Airway epithelial cells	CD151+/TF+
Airway epithelial cells	SP/CD45-
Lung epithelial cells	c-kit+ (CD117)
Lung epithelial cells	Ecad/Lgr6+
L-MSCs	CD73+/CD90+/CD105+

L-MSC: Lung mesenchymal stem cells.

Table 2 Circulating endothelial progenitor cells studies in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Ref.	Study design	EPCs phenotype	OSAS effect on EPCs number
de la Peña et al[60]	Adults, men, flow cytometry	CD34+VEGFR2+	Reduced number
Jelic et al[61]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+	Reduced number
Jelic et al[62]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+	Reduced number
Murri et al[63]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD45-CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+	Reduced number
Kheirandish-Gozal et al[64]	Children, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+	Reduced number
Martin et al[65]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+CD133+CD45dim	Unchanged number
Yun et al[66]	Adults, both genders, endothelial colony forming units assay	-	Unchanged number
Simpson et al[67]	Adults, men, flow cytometry	CD34+KDR+	Unchanged number
		CD45-CD34+KDR+
Kizawa et al[68]	Adults, men, flow cytometry	CD133+CD34+CD202b+CD45-	Increased number
Lui et al[69]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+	Increased number
Chou et al[70]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+	Increased number

EPC: Endothelial progenitor cell; OSAS: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Table 3 Circulating endothelial progenitor cells studies in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treated by continuous positive airway pressure

Ref.	Study design	EPCs phenotype	CPAP effect on EPCs number
Jelic et al[61]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+	Normalized after 4 wk of CPAP
Jelic et al[62]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+	Normalized after 4 wk of CPAP
Murri et al[63]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD45-CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+	Values returned to control values after 1 mo of CPAP
Simpson et al[67]	Adults, men, flow cytometry	CD34+KDR+ CD34+KDR+CD45-	Unchanged
Kizawa et al[68]	Adults, men, flow cytometry	CD133+CD34+CD202b+CD45-	Values decreased after 12 wk of CPAP treatment
Chou et al[70]	Adults, both genders, flow cytometry	CD34+	Mobilization ratio in patients with OSAS tended to decline

EPC: Endothelial progenitor cell; OSAS: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure.