Early gestation chorionic villi-derived stromal cells for fetal tissue engineering

Table 1 Functions of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells secreted factors

Factor	Array	Function	Ref.
Amphiregulin	Angiogenesis	Related to EGF, autocrine mitogen, cancer cell inhibition	[51,52]
Angiogenin	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, ribonuclease, mitogen	[53]
Angiopoietin-1	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, TIE2 agonist, vessel homeostasis/maturation	[54]
Angiopoietin-2	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, TIE2 antagonist, vessel homeostasis/maturation	[54]
Artemin	Angiogenesis	Neurotrophin, endothelial cell migration and proliferation	[55,56]
Tissue Factor	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, activation of coagulation cascade	[57,58]
DPPIV	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis via ECM degradation and EC invasion	[59]
Endoglin	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, modulation of effects of TGF-β1	[60]
Endostatin	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis inhibition by inhibition of EC proliferation	[61]
Endothelin-1	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis by stimulating EC proliferation and invasion	[62]
FGF acidic	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, EC mitogen	[63-65]
FGF-7	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, neuroprotection, wound repair	[66,67]
HB-EGF	Angiogenesis	Chemotaxis, cell growth, angiogenesis	[68]
HGF	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis through EC motility and growth, neuroprotection	[65,69]
IGFBP-1	Angiogenesis	Modulation of IGF activity, cell chemotaxis and adhesion	[70,71]
IGFBP-2	Angiogenesis	Modulation of IGF activity, mitogen, osteogenesis	[70-72]
IGFBP-3	Angiogenesis	Modulation of IGF activity, inhibition of cell proliferation	[70,71]
LAP (TGF-1β)	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, abundant and varied cell functions	[73,74]
MMP-9	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, ECM proteolysis aiding EC migration	[75]
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3)	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis inhibition by binding FGF2, innate immunity	[76,77]
PIGF	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, related to VEGF family	[78,79]
Serpin F1	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis inhibition, cell survival, immunomodulation	[80]
Thrombospondin-1	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis inhibition	[81,82]
TIMP-1	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis inhibition, neuroprotection	[83-85]
TIMP-4	Angiogenesis	Modulation of angiogenesis, EC migration	[86]
uPA	Angiogenesis	ECM proteolysis by converting plasminogen to plasmin	[87]
VEGF	Angiogenesis	Angiogenesis, EC migration and proliferation	[88,89]
IL-8	Both	Angiogenesis, leukocyte chemotaxis	[90-92]
MCP-1	Both	Monocyte chemotaxis, macrophage infiltration, angiogenesis	[93,94]
Serpin E1	Both	mPA inhibitor, wound healing, atherosclerosis	[95,96]
C5/C5a	Panel A	Anaphylatoxin, chemotaxis, immunomodulation	[97]
GROα	Panel A	Chemotaxis, cell growth, thrombin-induced angiogenesis	[98]
IL-6	Panel A	Both pro- and anti-inflammation, myokine, cell metabolism	[99,100]
MIF	Panel A	Adaptive/innate immune response, inflammation modulation	[101]

TGF: Transforming growth factor; IL:Interleukin; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; GROα: Growth regulated oncogene alpha; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; uPA: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator.