Stem cells in gastrointestinal cancers: The road less travelled

Table 1 Markers used in gastrointestinal cancer stem cell identification

Markers	Ref.
CD133+	[34]
CD44+	[55]
CD24+	[84]
Lgr5	[53]
mTert	[85]
Olfm4	[86]
Ascl2	[87]
ALDH	[79]
Sox9	[88]
Msi 1	[89]
Dcamkl1	[90]

CD: Cluster of differentiation; Ascl2: Achaete Scute-like 2; ALDH: Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Msi 1: Musashi1; Dcamkl1: Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1.

Table 2 Surface markers of gastrointestinal cancer stem cell

Tumor type	Phenotype of CSC markers	Ref.
Liver	CD133+, CD49f+, CD90+	[1,6,91]
Colon	CD133+, CD44+, CD166+, EpCAM+, CD24+	[5,45,52]
Pancreatic	CD133+, CD44+, EpCAM+, CD24+	[57]
Stomach	CD44+, CD133+, NESTIN, CD90+, CD54+, ALDH1	[79]

CSC: Cancer stem cell.