Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell and its adipogenic differentiation: Profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Table 1 Intracellular metabolites and their chemical shifts, before and after differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (Sitter et al[20], 2002 and Govindaraju et al[21], 2000)

Metabolites	1H or spin	Chemical shift (ppm)
Valine (Val)	γCH3	0.98 1.02
Fatty acids	-CH2-(CH2)n-CH2-	1.28
Lactate (Lac)	CH3	1.32
Fatty acids	(-CH2-CH3)	1.35
Fatty acids	(-CO-CH2-CH2-)	1.54
Acetate (Ace)	CH3	1.92
Glutamate (Glu)	βCH2 γCH2	2.05 2.34
Methionine (Meth)	βCH2	2.19
Succinate (Suc)	(α,βCH2)	2.41
Fatty acids	-CH=CH-Ch2-CH=CH-	2.75
Creatine (Cr)	CH3	3.05
Choline (Cho)	N-(CH3)3	3.21
Phosphocholine (PC)	N-(CH3)3	3.22
Glyocerphosphocholine (GPC)	N-(CH3)3	3.23
Taurine (Tau)	N-CH2 S-CH2	3.27 3.43
Myo-Inosito (Myo)	C1H C3H	3.54

Table 2 Concentrations of major metabolites in mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-differentiated cells

Metabolites	Cho (mmol/L)	Ace (mmol/L)	Cr (mmol/L)	Glu (mmol/L)	Meth (mmol/L)	Suc (mmol/L)
MSCs (n = 6)	6.30 ± 0.68	0.97 ± 0.23	0.10 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.05	0.03 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02
Differentiated cells (n = 4)	1.10 ± 0.06	0.45 ± 0.10	ND	0.16 ± 0.08	0.15 ± 0.05	0.12 ± 0.05
P value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01		< 0.01	> 0.05

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; Cho: Choline; Ace: Acetate; Cr: Creatine; Glu: Glutamate; Meth: Methionine; Suc: Succinate.