Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cancer therapy: A dual-targeted strategy of personalized medicine

Table 1 Mesenchymal stem cells as cellular vehicles for targeting cancer

Anticancer agent	Anticancer mechanism	Tumor model	Route of MSC admi-nistration	Species: MSC/tumor/host	Ref.
CX3CL1	Immunostimulatory	Lung	iv	Mouse/mouse/mouse	[40]
CD	Prodrug converting	Prostate	sc/iv	Human/human/mouse	[41]
		Colon	sc/iv	Human/human/mouse	[14]
HSV-tk		Glioma	it	Rat/rat/rat	[42]
		Pancreas	iv	Mouse/mouse/mouse	[28]
IFNα	Immunostimulatory and apoptosis indcing	Melanoma	iv	Mouse/mouse/mouse	[43]
		Glioma	it/ic	Mouse/mouse/mouse	[44]
IFNβ		Breast	sc/iv	Human/human/mouse	[29,45]
		Pancreas	ip	Human/human/mouse	[27]
IL2		Glioma	it/ic	Rat/rat/rat	[17]
IL7	Immunostimulatory	Glioma	it	Rat/rat/rat	[46]
IL12	Activates cytotoxic lymphocyte and NK cells	Melanoma	iv	Mouse/mouse/mouse	[47]
		Hepatoma	iv	Mouse/mouse/mouse	[47]
		Breast	iv	Mouse/mouse/mouse	[47]
IL18	Immunostimulatory	Glioma	it	Rat/rat/rat	[48]
NK4	Inhibits angiogenesis	Colon	iv	Mouse/mouse/mouse	[49]
TRAIL	Induces apoptosis	Glioma	it	Human/human/mouse	[20]
		Glioma	ic	Human/human/mouse	[50]
		Glioma	iv	Human/human/mouse	[22,51]
		Lung	iv	Human/human/mouse	[52]
		Breast, lung	sc/iv	Human/human/mouse	[53]
		Colon	sc	Human/human/mouse	[54,55]
		Pancreas	iv	Human/human/mouse	[56]

CD: Cytosine deaminase; CX3CL1: Chemokine fractalkine; HSV-tk: Herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase; ic: Intracerebral; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; ip: Intraperitoneal; it: Intratumoral; iv: Intravenous; NK: Natural killer; sc: Subcutaneous; TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.