Therapeutic effects of human amniotic epithelial cell-derived and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on preeclamptic rats

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Stem Cells. Jun 26, 2026; 18(6): 116526
Published online Jun 26, 2026. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.116526

Table 1 Measurement of systolic blood pressure in groups of rats at different gestational days, mean ± SD

Group	GD4	GD8	GD11	GD15	GD18
NP	111.75 ± 1.83	112.50 ± 3.42	114.50 ± 3.30	112.25 ± 4.95	113.00 ± 4.44
PE	112.63 ± 1.30	137.25 ± 2.44^a	143.00 ± 2.27^a	151.38 ± 3.74^a	155.38 ± 6.95^a
hAECs-exos	113.00 ± 3.96	139.25 ± 3.15^a	149.13 ± 3.91^a	130.88 ± 3.40^a^,^b	121.50 ± 4.14^a^,^b
hucbMSCs-exos	110.88 ± 2.42	138.25 ± 4.23^a	146.5 ± 4.66^a	128.38 ± 3.89^a^,^b	120.25 ± 4.98^a^,^b

^aP < 0.05, compared to the normal pregnancy group.

^bP < 0.05, compared to the preeclampsia group.

Results shown as mmHg. GD: Gestational day; NP: Normal pregnancy; PE: Preeclampsia; hAECs-exos: Human amniotic epithelial cell exosomes; hucbMSCs-exos: Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood.

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Table 2 Protein determination of 24-hour urine in each group of rats, mean ± SD

Group	GD4	GD8	GD11	GD15	GD18
NP	2.67 ± 0.49	2.91 ± 0.33	2.68 ± 0.55	2.76 ± 0.58	2.84 ± 0.59
PE	2.76 ± 0.29	4.46 ± 0.39^a	5.92 ± 0.68^a	7.07 ± 0.66^a	8.19 ± 1.07^a
hAECs-exos	2.77 ± 0.23	4.45 ± 0.73^a	6.18 ± 0.77^a	5.34 ± 0.76^a^,^b	4.70 ± 0.52^a^,^b
hucbMSCs-exos	2.67 ± 0.55	4.37 ± 0.46^a	6.24 ± 0.91^a	5.43 ± 0.71^a^,^b	4.94 ± 0.46^a^,^b

^aP < 0.05, compared to the normal pregnancy group.

^bP < 0.05, compared to the preeclampsia group.

GD: Gestational day; NP: Normal pregnancy; PE: Preeclampsia; hAECs-exos: Human amniotic epithelial cell exosomes; hucbMSCs-exos: Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood.

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Table 3 Development of fetal mice in each group, mean ± SD

Group	Weight of fetal mice (g)	Placental weight (g)
NP	3.08 ± 0.48	0.50 ± 0.07
PE	1.77 ± 0.13^a	0.37 ± 0.05^a
hAECs-exos	2.36 ± 0.33^a^,^b	0.44 ± 0.05^a^,^b
hucbMSCs-exos	2.44 ± 0.43^a^,^b	0.45 ± 0.05^a^,^b

^aP < 0.05, compared to the normal pregnancy group.

^bP < 0.05, compared to the preeclampsia group.

NP: Normal pregnancy; PE: Preeclampsia; hAECs-exos: Human amniotic epithelial cell exosomes; hucbMSCs-exos: Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood.

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Table 4 Levels of cytokines in serum, mean ± SD

Cytokine	NP	PE	hAECs-exos	hucbMSCs-exos
IL-6 (pg/mL)	93.18 ± 9.75	149.26 ± 13.71^a	120.15 ± 16.20^a^,^b	124.64 ± 9.73^a^,^b
IL-10 (pg/mL)	2.30 ± 0.58	0.87 ± 0.18^a	1.58 ± 0.39^a^,^b	1.41 ± 0.53^a^,^b
TNF-α (pg/mL)	7.30 ± 1.01	11.20 ± 1.48^a	8.96 ± 1.23^a^,^b	9.43 ± 1.95^a^,^b
sFlt-1 (ng/mL)	0.22 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.10^a	0.33 ± 0.09^a^,^b	0.32 ± 0.12^a^,^b

^aP < 0.05, compared to the normal pregnancy group.

^bP < 0.05, compared to the preeclampsia group.

IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; sFlt-1: Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1; NP: Normal pregnancy; PE: Preeclampsia; hAECs-exos: Human amniotic epithelial cell exosomes; hucbMSCs-exos: Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood.

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Table 5 Content of cytokines in placental tissues, mean ± SD

Cytokine	NP	PE	hAECs-exos	hucbMSCs-exos
PLGF (pg/mL)	50.46 ± 4.45	36.47 ± 4.84^a	42.28 ± 5.89^a^,^b	42.17 ± 3.38^a^,^b
VEGF (pg/mL)	57.89 ± 9.37	32.06 ± 5.40^a	44.60 ± 9.94^a^,^b	41.06 ± 9.39^a^,^b
SOD (ng/mL)	1.90 ± 0.20	1.34 ± 0.12^a	1.69 ± 0.25^a^,^b	1.58 ± 0.11^a^,^b
MDA (nmol/mL)	0.61 ± 0.07	0.99 ± 0.16^a	0.86 ± 0.11^a^,^b	0.86 ± 0.10^a^,^b

^aP < 0.05, compared to the normal pregnancy group.

^bP < 0.05, compared to the preeclampsia group.

PLGF: Placental growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; NP: Normal pregnancy; PE: Preeclampsia; hAECs-exos: Human amniotic epithelial cell exosomes; hucbMSCs-exos: Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood.

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Table 6 Proportion of CD31-positive cells in rat placental tissues, mean ± SD

CD31 positive cell proportion by group (%)
NP	41.26 ± 1.26
PE	19.82 ± 1.57^a
hAECs-exos	31.13 ± 1.35^a^,^b
hucbMSCs-exos	32.33 ± 1.13^a^,^b

^aP < 0.05, compared to the normal pregnancy group.

^bP < 0.05, compared to the preeclampsia group.

NP: Normal pregnancy; PE: Preeclampsia; hAECs-exos: Human amniotic epithelial cell exosomes; hucbMSCs-exos: Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood.

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Citation: Han LY, Zhang WZ, Zhang Y, Zhong W, Sun JL, Shen J. Therapeutic effects of human amniotic epithelial cell-derived and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on preeclamptic rats. World J Stem Cells 2026; 18(6): 116526
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v18/i6/116526.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.116526

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