Entering the era of living biopharmaceuticals for treating knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of allogenic mesenchymal stem cell-based studies

Ref.	Country	MSC source	Control	F/U (months)	Sample size		Mean age		Mean BMI		Outcome measures
					Intervention (male)	Control (male)	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control
Vega et al[25], 2015	Spain	BM	HA	12	15 (40.00)	15 (33.30)	56.60	57.30	NA	NA	VAS, WOMAC
Gupta et al[26], 2016	India	BM	Placebo	12	40 (30.00)	20 (15.00)	56.10	57.00	28.04	27.62	WOMAC, VAS, AEs
Wang et al[20], 2016	China	UC	HA	6	18 (55.50)	18 (61.00)	54.28	52.37	28.30	27.19	WOMAC
Matas et al[36], 2019	Chile	UC	HA	12	20 (45.00)	9 (44.00)	56.40	54.80	27.50	27.90	WOMAC, VAS, AEs
Kuah et al[33], 2018	Australia	AD	Placebo	12	16 (68.75)	4 (25.00)	52.90	55.00	27.25	25.50	WOMAC, VAS, AEs
Chen et al[35], 2021	Taiwan	AD	HA	22	49 (16.30)	8 (37.50)	67.15	70.50	26.68	25.47	WOMAC, VAS, AEs
Mautner et al[38], 2023	United States	UC	Steroids	12	118 (45.00)	120 (41.00)	57.90	58.30	30.90	31.20	VAS, AEs
Gupta et al[27], 2023	India	BM	Placebo	12	73 (48.40)	73 (30.10)	56.70	56.10	26.50	26.00	WOMAC, VAS, AEs
Sadri et al[29], 2023	Iran	AD	NS	12	20 (10.00)	20 (10.00)	52.85	56.10	28.37	29.12	WOMAC, VAS, AEs

Data are presented as n (%). MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; F/U: Follow up; BMI: Body mass index; BM: Bone marrow; UC: Umbilical cord; AD: Adipose tissue; HA: Hyaluronic acid; NA: Not available; VAS: Visual analogue scale; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis; AEs: Adverse events; NS: Normal saline.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of autologous mesenchymal stem cells-based studies

Ref.	Country	MSC source	Control	F/U (months)	Sample size		Mean age		Mean BMI		Outcome measures
					Intervention (male)	Control (male)	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control
Lamo-Espinosa et al[23], 2016	Spain	BM	HA	12	20 (60.00)	10 (70.00)	61.85	60.30	27.80	29.60	VAS, WOMAC, AEs
Emadedin et al[28], 2018	Iran	BM	NS	6	19 (63.20)	24 (62.50)	51.70	54.70	30.20	31.50	VAS, WOMAC, AEs
Bastos et al[37], 2020	Portugal	BM	Steroids injection	12	16 (62.50)	17 (52.90)	55.70	55.90	30.60	31.00	AEs
Freitag et al[34], 2019	Australia	AD	Placebo	12	20 (55.00)	10 (55.00)	54.65	51.50	31.60	25.20	WOMAC, AEs
Lu et al[21], 2019	China	AD	HA	12	26 (11.54)	26 (11.54)	55.00	59.64	24.27	24.26	VAS, WOMAC, AEs
Lee et al[30], 2019	South Korea	AD	NS	6	12 (25.00)	12 (25.00)	62.20	63.20	25.30	25.40	VAS, WOMAC, AEs
Lamo-Espinosa et al[24], 2020	Spain	BM	PRGF	12	24 (70.00)	26 (61.00)	56.00	54.60	27.00	25.30	VAS, WOMAC, AEs
Ho et al[22], 2022	China	BM	HA	12	10 (60.00)	10 (20.00)	56.70	59.10	25.40	26.00	VAS, WOMAC
Kim et al[31], 2022	South Korea	BM	Surgery	24	13 (15.00)	13 (38.50)	58.30	59.10	25.60	25.80	WOMAC, AEs
Kim et al[32], 2023	South Korea	AD	NS	6	125 (31.00)	127 (20.00)	63.70	63.80	25.40	25.90	VAS, WOMAC, AEs

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; F/U: Follow up; BMI: Body mass index; BM: Bone marrow; AD: Adipose tissue; HA: Hyaluronic acid; NS: Normal saline; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; VAS: Visual analogue scale; AEs: Adverse events; PRGF: Plasma rich in growth factor.