Tissue-specific cancer stem/progenitor cells: Therapeutic implications

Table 1 Summary of the most prominent biomarkers required to identify and isolate the tissue-specific cancer stem cells in prostate, colon, bladder, breast, and lung tumors

TSCSCs markers	PCSCs	CCSCs	BCSCs	BrCSCs	LCSCs	Ref.
CD24	-	+	+	-		[64,90,159,160]
CD26		+				[161]
CD29	+	+		+	+	[99,162-164]
CD44	+	+	+	+	+	[31,63,74,108,165]
CD47			+	+	+	[78,166,167]
CD49b (integrin α2 or ITGA2)	+	+	-	+	+	[168-171]
CD49f (integrin α6 or ITGA6)	+	+	+	+	+	[99,169,172,173]
CD51	+	+				[69,174]
CD61				+		[99]
CD66c		+	-			[84,175]
CD67LR			+			[84]
CD87					+	[116]
CD90		+	+	+	+	[99,110,176,177]
CD117	+			+	+	[38,116,178]
CD126		+		+	+	[179-181]
CD133	+	+	+	+	+	[28,51,87,99,107]
CD151	+					[35]
CD166	+	+		+	+	[46,104,182,183]
CD326 (EpCAM or ESA)	+	+	+	+	+	[48,56,116,184,185]
Integrin α2β1	+	+				[27,186]
TRA-1-60	+	+				[35,187]
Trop2	+					[45]
CXCR4	+	+		+	+	[102,162,188,189]
ABCB5		+				[73]
ABCG2	+	+	+	+	+	[49,102,177,190,191]
MAGE-A3			+			[177]
GLDC					+	[102]
ALDH	+	+	+	+	+	[44,68,96,102,177]
BCMab1			+			[79]
Lgr5		+		+	+	[53,99,192]
Prox1	+	+				[70,193]
EMA (MUC1)	+	+	-			[77,194,195]
E-cadherin	+	+				[196,197]
ZEB-1	+	+		+	+	[198-200]
PSA	-					[201]
CK5	+		+	+	+	[117,202-204]
CK17			+			[89]
CK18	-		-	-		[89,205,206]
CK20			-			[89]
Ar-v7	+					[207]

+: Over-expressed; -: Under-expressed; Blank: Not found in the literature/controversial. TSCSCs: Tissue-specific cancer stem cells; PCSCs: Prostate cancer stem cells; CCSCs: Colon cancer stem cells; BCSCs: Bladder cancer stem cells; BrCSCs: Breast cancer stem cells; LCSCs: Lung cancer stem cells; EpCAM: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule; TRA-1-60: T cell receptor alpha locus; ALDH: Aldehyde dehydrogenase; EMA: Epithelial membrane antigen.