Copyright
©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Stem Cells. Apr 26, 2023; 15(4): 165-181
Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.165
Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.165
Table 1 The mechanism of extracellular vesicles in the regeneration medicine
| Source of EVs | Mechanism | |
| Kidney | MSC-EVs | Inhibiting oxidation, apoptosis, and inflammation |
| HLSC-EVs | Regulating angiogenesis, the cell cycle, regeneration, autophagy, proliferation[36-38,46] | |
| BMSC-EVs | ||
| Liver disease | hiPSCs-EVs | Inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis |
| Hepatocyte-EVs | Supporting hepatocyte function | |
| MSC-EVs | Promoting angiogenesis | |
| Reducing inflammatory responses[48-53] | ||
| Cardiac muscle | ESCs-EVs | Vascularization |
| iPSCs-EVs | Amelioration of apoptosis and hypertrophy | |
| MSCs-EVs | Promoting cell proliferation and migration[55-60] | |
| CDCs-EVs | ||
| BMSC-EVs | ||
| Tendon | BMSC-EVs | Modulating macrophage phenotypes |
| ADSC-EVs | Anti-inflammatory reaction | |
| Enhancing proliferation, migration, tenogenic differentiation of TSCs | ||
| Regulating angiogenesis | ||
| Modulating immune responses[62-68] | ||
| Wound healing | BMSC-EVs | Promoting re-epithelialization |
| ADSC-EVs | Promoting collagen maturity and angiogenesis | |
| hENSC-EV | Enhancing cell proliferation and migration[69-74] | |
| HUVECs-EVs | ||
| iPSC-EVs | ||
| Tooth and periodontal tissue | BMSC-EVs | Modulating the inflammatory immune response |
| ADSC-EVs | Enhancing cell proliferation and migration | |
| DPSC-EVs | Promoting odontogenic differentiation | |
| DFC-EVs | Stem cell recruitment[76-83] | |
| PDLSC-EVs | ||
| HERS-EVs | ||
| SC-EVs | ||
| Nerve | SKP-SC-EVs | Mediating axon regeneration |
| BMSC-EVs | Regulating the phenotype of Schwann cells | |
| ADSC-EVs | Promoting angiogenesis | |
| GMSC-EVs | Regulating inflammatory reactions[84-94] | |
| Bone | ADSC-EVs | Angiogenesis |
| BMSC-EVs | Osteoblast proliferation | |
| SMSC-EVs | Intercellular communication | |
| PRP-EVs | Immune regulation[96-104] |
Table 2 Extracellular vesicles investigated in clinical studies
| Research title | Interventions | Status |
| Treatment of Patients with Bone Tissue Defects Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enriched by Extracellular Vesicles | MSCs enriched by extracellular vesicles | Not yet recruiting |
| Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Infusion Treatment for ARDS | Bone Marrow MSC Derived Extracellular | Not yet recruiting |
| Efficacy of Platelet- and Extracellular Vesicle-rich Plasma in Chronic Postsurgical Temporal Bone Inflammations | Plateletand extracellular vesicle-rich plasma | Completed |
| Use of Autologous Plasma Rich in Platelets and Extracellular Vesicles in the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Middle Ear Infections | Plateletand EVs-rich plasma | Recruiting |
| Extracellular Vesicle Infusion Treatment for COVID-19 Associated ARDS | ExoFlo | Completed |
| Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles (BMMSC-EVs) for the Treatment of Burn Wounds | Drug: AGLE-102 (BMMSC-EVs) | Not yet recruiting |
| Treatment of Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies by Intravenous ExtracellularVesicles of CardiovascularProgenitor Cells | Extracellular vesicle-enriched secretome of cardiovascular progenitor cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells | Not yet recruiting |
| Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Infusion Treatment for Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19: A Phase II Clinical Trial | Drug: ExoFlo. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles | Not yet recruiting |
| A Safety Study of IV Stem Cellderived Extracellular Vesicles (UNEX-42) in Preterm Neonates at High Risk for BPD | UNEX-42 is a preparation of extracellular vesicles that are secreted from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline | Terminated |
| ExoFlo™ Infusion for Post-Acute COVID-19 and Chronic Post COVID-19 Syndrome | Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles | Not yet recruiting |
| Study of ExoFlo for the Treatment of Medically Refractory Ulcerative Colitis | ExoFlo. Intravenous administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles | Recruiting |
| Study of ExoFlo for the Treatment of Medically Refractory Crohn's Disease | ExoFlo. Intravenous administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles | Recruiting |
| Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived EVs for COVID-19 Moderate-to-Severe ARDS: A Phase III Clinical Trial | EXOFLO. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived EVs | Recruiting |
| Pilot Study of Human Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes Promoting Wound Healing | Adipose tissue derived exosomes | Not yet recruiting |
| Exosome Effect on Prevention of Hairloss | Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosome | Recruiting |
| Expanded Access for Use of ExoFlo in Abdominal Solid Organ Transplant Patients | Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Infusion Treatment | Not yet recruiting |
| Safety of Injection of Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes for Treatment of Resistant Perianal Fistula in Crohn's Patients | Placenal MSC derived exosomes | Active, not recruiting |
| Safety and Efficacy of Injection of Human Placenta Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes for Treatment of Complex Anal Fistula | Placenta MSCs derived exosomes | Recruiting |
| Safety and Tolerability Study of MSC Exosome Ointment | Exosome ointment | Completed |
| The Pilot Experimental Study of the Neuroprotective Effects of Exosomes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants | Exosomes derived from MSCs | Not yet recruiting |
- Citation: Wang DR, Pan J. Extracellular vesicles: Emerged as a promising strategy for regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15(4): 165-181
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v15/i4/165.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.165