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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Stem Cells. Apr 26, 2023; 15(4): 150-164
Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.150
Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.150
Table 1 Recent studies on the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell action in acute respiratory distress syndrome
| Ref. | Time | Animal/cell line | Interference | Pathway | Conclusion/main effect |
| Zhang et al[112] | 2022 | C-mice | Human dermal fibroblasts or MSCs were intravenously | CAP | MSC treatment significantly protects mice against bacterial pneumonia or LPS-induced lung injury via the CAP pathway. When the CAP was inhibited through vagotomy (VGX) and pharmacological and genetic ablation experiments, the anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs were markedly reduced in lung injury models |
| Kakabadze et al[113] | 2022 | Wistar rats | HPMSCs | - | HPMSCs have the ability to migrate and attach to damaged lung tissue, contributing to the resolution of pathology, restoration of function, and tissue repair in the alveolar space |
| Wang et al[114] | 2022 | C-mice | Human placental MSCs | Macrophage polarization pathway | Human PMSC treatment preferentially rescued resident M2 AMΦs over recruited M1 BMMΦs with overall M2 polarization to improve KP-related ARDS survival |
| Wang et al[115] | 2022 | SD rats | LRMSC/HMSC-C/HMSC-BM | - | Three kinds of LRMSC, HMSC-C and HMSC-BM are protective against LPS-induced lung injury, HMSC-C was more effective than LRMSC and HMSC-BM to treat LPS-induced lung injury |
| Zhang et al[116] | 2022 | C-mice | MSC derived microvesicles | KEGG pathway and GO function | MSV microvesicles treatment was involved in alleviated lung injury and promoting lung tissue repair by dysregulated miRNAs |
| Xu et al[60] | 2022 | BALB/c mice | Umbilical cord-derived MSCs | - | Transplantation of UC-MSCs transfected with SP-B could potentiate M2 macrophage polarization and further relieve LPS-stimulated lung injury |
| Xue et al[117] | 2022 | C-mice | Bone marrow-derived MSC | - | TGF-β1 from MSCs restored skewed Treg/Th17 levels induced by hypoxic- and LPS-stimulated conditions and reduced inflammation |
| He et al[118] | 2022 | Hnsclc cell line A549 (ATCC, CCL-185) | MSCs | CXCL12/CXCR4 signal axis | In vivo transplantation of MSCs significantly attenuated lung injury in ARDS, inhibited serum pro-inflammatory factors in mice, and down-regulated expression of apoptotic and focal factors in lung tissues |
| Zhang et al[119] | 2022 | C-mice | Mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs | Wnt/β-catenin transition signaling | MVs released from MSCs exerted protective effects on early fibrosis by suppressing EMT in LPS-induced ARDS |
| Meng et al[120] | 2021 | - | MSCs derived from normal mouse bone marrow | Akt/Mtor signaling | MTORC2 like mTORC1 as an important signaling of regulation of MSC-secreted HGF protective against LPS-induced lung endothelial dysfunction |
| Ishii et al[121] | 2021 | Adult male Fischer 344 rats | Adipose-derived MSCs | - | AD-MSCs enhanced the barrier function between lung epithelial cells, suggesting that both direct adhesion and indirect paracrine effects strengthened the barrier function of lung alveolar epithelium in vitro |
| Wang et al[122] | 2021 | C-mice | Bone MSCs | Vimentin-Rab7a pathway | MSCs can reach the damaged lung tissue through migration, reduce inflammatory responses and alleviate lung injury |
| Liu et al[123] | 2021 | SD rats | Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell | Beclin-1 | BMSC-derived exosomes were taken up by the alveolar macrophages and attenuated LPS-induced alveolar macrophage viability loss and apoptosis. Exosomes effectively improved the survival rate of ALI rats, which was associated with alleviating lung pathological changes pulmonary vascular permeability and attenuating inflammatory response |
Table 2 Clinical study characteristics
| Ref. | Cell type | Patient number | Outcome | Study design/evidence level | Publish time |
| Wilson et al[98] | MSC | 9 | No serious adverse events | Phase 1 clinical trial: A multicenter, open-label phase | 2015 |
| Matthay et al[99] | BM-MSCs | 60 | (1) No patients had any adverse events; (2) Mortality at 28 and 60 d was not significantly increased; and (3) ↑Oxygenation index | Phase 2a safety trial: Prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial | 2019 |
| Yip et al[100] | UC-MSCs | 9 | (1) In-hospital mortality was 33.3% (3/9); (2) No serious prespecified cell infusion-associated or treatment-related adverse events; (3) ↓Circulating inflammatory biomarkers; (4) ↓Mesenchymal stem cell markers; and (5) ↑Immune cell markers | Phase I clinical trial: Prospective | 2020 |
| Lanzoni et al[107] | UC-MSCs | 24 | (1) No serious adverse events; (2) ↑Survival; and (3) ↓Inflammatory cytokines at day 6 | Phase 1/2a clinical trial: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial | 2021 |
| Dilogo et al[108] | UC-MSCs | 20 | (1) ↑Survival; and (2) ↓Interleukin 6 | Clinical trial: A multicentered, double-blind, randomized clinical trial | 2021 |
| Monsel et al[109] | UC-MSCs | 45 | (1) PaO2/FiO2 changes between D0 and D7 did not differ significantly; and (2) Clinical improvement | Clinical trial: A multicentered, double-blind, randomized clinical trial | 2022 |
| Grégoire et al[110] | BM-MSCs | 8 | (1) ↑Survival; (2) Clinical improvement; and (3) ↓Day-7 D-dimer value | A phase I/II Clinical Trial | 2022 |
| Kaffash Farkhad et al[111] | UC-MSCs | 10 | (1) ↑PaO2/FiO2; (2) ↓Serum CRP; (3) ↓IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 A; and (4) ↑TGF-β, IL-1B and IL-10 | Phase 1 clinical trial: A single-center, open-label | 2022 |
- Citation: Liang TY, Lu LH, Tang SY, Zheng ZH, Shi K, Liu JQ. Current status and prospects of basic research and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15(4): 150-164
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v15/i4/150.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.150