Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Stem Cells. Jun 26, 2021; 13(6): 542-567
Published online Jun 26, 2021. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.542
Table 1 DNA methylation or histone modification modulates important autophagy-related genes in cancer stem cells and cancer cells
Epigenetic
Type of epigenetic modification
Cancer model
Genes
Autophagy modulation
Ref.
DNA methylationHypermethylationBreast cancerATG2B, ATG4D, ATG9A, ATG9B, Beclin-1, ARHIRepressedLi et al[120], Zhang et al[121] and Yu et al[203]
HypermethylationColorectal cancerBTG1, PCDH17, BTG1, BTG3, MAP1LC3Av1RepressedMuhammad et al[124], Zhao et al[204], Hu et al[205] and Gou et al[206]
HypermethylationGlioma and GlioblastomaUlk2, ANKDD1ARepressedShukla et al[122] and Feng et al[207]
HypomethylationGlioblastomaELFN2ActivatedLiu et al[115]
HypermethylationHepatocellular carcinomaBCLBRepressedLiu et al[208]
HypermethylationLiver cancerPP2AActivatedShin et al[129]
HypermethylationLung cancerTCF21, TUSC3RepressedChen et al[123] and Peng et al[209]
HypomethylationLung cancerLC3AActivatedNihira et al[116]
HypermethylationMedulloblastomaATG16L1RepressedCruzeiro et al[210]
HypermethylationMelanomaATG5RepressedLiu et al[130]
HypermethylationOvarian cancerARHI RepressedYu et al[203]
HypomethylationOvarian cancerATG4AActivatedLiao et al[113]
Histone modificationHistone methylation or acetylation Breast cancerEHMT2, Beclin-1RepressedPark et al[165] and Sun et al[211]
Histone methylationBladder cancerSMYD3ActivatedShen et al[212]
Histone acetylationColorectal cancerFOXO1ActivatedZhao et al[213]
Histone demethylationGastric cancerKDM2BRepressedZhao et al[214]
Histone demethylation or deacetylationGliomaKDM4A, SIRT3RepressedWang et al[215] and Qiao et al[216]
Histone deacetylationHepatocellular carcinomaHDAC6ActivatedJung et al[141]
Histone deacetylationNeuroblastomaHDAC10ActivatedOehme et al[135]
Histone methylationNeuroblastomaG9aRepressedKe et al[217]
Histone deacetylationProstate cancerSIRT1ActivatedPowell et al[218]
Histone deacetylationSalivary mucoepidermoid carcinomaHDAC7ActivatedAhn and Yoon[139]