Copyright
©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Stem Cells. Apr 26, 2020; 12(4): 288-302
Published online Apr 26, 2020. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i4.288
Published online Apr 26, 2020. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i4.288
Ref. | Study design | Cell source | Subject | Treatment group | Control group | Extraction method | Cell treatment | Delivery method | Follow-up duration (wk) | Results |
Hei et al[47], 2016 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 20 BDNF-transfected UCMSCs; 20 UCMSCs only | 20 PBS | Human umbilical vein obtained immediately after delivery | UCMSCs were expanded in keratinocyte-serum free medium with various growth factors. Passage 5 UCMSCs were transfected with adenovirus vector containing BDNF | Xenogenic transplantation into crushed left sciatic nerve | 4 | Significant improvement in SFI, axon count, axon density, and nerve regeneration in both treated groups. BDNF-loaded UCMSCs showed greater improvements in the above metrics than the UCMSC group |
Sung et al[46], 2012 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 18 UCMSCs | 18 PBS | Human umbilical vein obtained immediately after delivery | UCMSCs were culture-expanded in growth factors. Passage 5 UCMSCs were labelled with PKH26 fluorescent cell linker | Xenogenic transplantation into crushed sciatic nerve | 4 | Significant improvement in SFI, axon density and axon regeneration in UCMSCs group compared to control. Increased BDNF and tyrosine kinase receptor B mRNA compared to control |
Gartner et al[48], 2012 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 6 undifferentiated UCMSCs + PLC; 7 differentiated UCMSCs + PLC; 7 UCMSCs only | 6 injury only; 7 injury repaired with PLC only; 6 without injury | UCMSCs from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly matrix purchased from third-party source (PromoCell GmbH) | Passage 5 UCMSCs were supplemented with bovine foetal serum. UCMSCs were treated with neurogenic media and differentiated into neuroglial-like cells | Xenogenic transplantation into right sciatic nerve lesion (3 mm) crushed with non-serrated clamp | 12 | Significant improvement in both undifferentiated and differentiated UCMSCs groups in terms of SFI, EPT, WRL as well as myelin sheath thickness compared to all controls |
Gartner et al[49], 2012 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 6 UCMSCs only; 6 undifferentiated USMSCs + Chitosan type III | 6 negative control; 6 wrapped in Chitosan type III | UCMSCs from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly matrix purchased from third-party source (PromoCell GmbH) | Passage 5 UCMSCs were loaded on Chitosan type III biomaterial scaffold | Xenogenic transplantation into crushed right sciatic nerve lesion | 12 | Significant improvement in muscle force deficit and axonal regrowth in UCMSC Chitosan type III group compared to controls |
Xia et al[54], 2015 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 40 UCMSCs | 40 saline solution; 40 untreated rats | Human umbilical cord blood plasma obtained from different individuals with identical blood type | UCMSCs were culture-expanded in normal MSC media. Number of passage was not specified | Intravascular injection into left femoral artery of rat with streptozotocin induced diabetic foot ulcer | 2 | Significant improvement in restoring femoral nerve conduction in UCMSCs group compared to control groups at 3 days, 1 wk and 2 wk |
Ref. | Study Design | Cell Source | Subject | Treatment Group | Control Group | Extraction Method | Cell Treatment | Delivery Method | Follow-up length (wk) | Results |
Ma et al[17], 2019 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 24 UCMSC-extracellular vesicles injections | 24 PBS | Human umbilical cords obtained from full-term deliveries | UCMSCs were expanded ex vivo. Passage 3 UCMSCs were used | UCMSC-EV were injected into the tail veins | 8 | Significant improvement in SFI, axon regeneration, recovery of motor function and reduced muscle atrophy. Regenerated nerve fibre diameter was larger in USMSC-EV injection groups compared to control |
Zarbakhsh et al[11], 2015 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 8 silicone tubes filled with fibrin glue seeded with 500000 UCMSCs | 8 silicone tubes filled with fibrin glue seeded with 500000 rat BMMSCs; 8 control rats with nerve gaps filled with fibrin glue | Human umbilical cords obtained from full-term deliveries | Passage 3 UCMSCs were loaded on a 12 mm silicone tube interposed into a 10 mm nerve gap | Xenogenic transplantation into sciatic nerve gap specimens | 12 | Significant improvement in nerve histomorphology in UCMSC and BMMSC groups compared to controls. BMMSC showed the greater improvement |
Cui et al[14], 2018 | Case Control | Human | Canine | 5 LOCC with UCMSCs | 5 negative control; 5 positive control (autografted nerve segment reversed); 5 LOCC only | Human umbilical cords obtained from full-term deliveries. | UCMSCs were expanded. Passage 3 UCMSCs were cultured and embedded into a LOCC | Xenogenic transplantation into transected sciatic nerve of 15 months adult Beagles. | 39 | Significant improvement in CMAP and conduction latency in LOCC embedded with UCMSC compared to LOCC alone |
Pan et al[50], 2017 | Case Control | Human | Rabbit | 12 NGF loaded HC- scaffold with UCMSCs; 12 HC-scaffold with UCMSCs | 12 negative control (no grafting into nerve gap); 12 HC-scaffold with PBS; 12 collagen (C)-scaffold | Human UCMSCs obtained from third party source (Stem Cell Bank of Guangdong Province) | Passage 4 UCMSCs were embedded into NGF- loaded HC-scaffold or C-scaffold | Xenogenic transplantation into transected recurrent laryngeal nerve tissue specimens with daily penicillin injection until day 5 post-intervention | 8 | Significant improvement in transected nerve repair in UCMSC NGF-loaded HC-scaffold as compared to all other groups |
Li et al[53], 2012 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 40 amnion tube with UCMSCs | 40 amnion tube with saline implant | Human umbilical cords obtained from full-term deliveries | Passage 3-4 UCMSCs were cultured and loaded on an amniotic scaffold | Xenogenic transplantation into transected sciatic nerve tissue specimens | 20 | Significant improvement in SFI and CMAP in UCMSC group compared to control. Gradual improvement in threshold stimulus and maximum stimulus intensity in UCMSC group compared to control |
Li et al[6], 2013 | Case Control | Human | Human | 12 neurolysis followed by 10 mL UCMSCs injection of 1.75 × 107 cells | 20 neurolysis only | Human umbilical cords obtained from full-term deliveries | Passage 2 UCMSCs were loaded on an amniotic membrane scaffold. Both groups received 3 days of oral cephalosporin | Allogenic transplantation into radial nerve injury following radial shaft fracture | 12 | Significant improvement in muscular strength, touch and pain sensations in UCMSC group compared to control. Improved electrophysiological function in UCMSC group as compared to control |
Matsuse et al[35], 2010 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 6 UCMSCs; 10 Induced UCMSC | 6 negative control; 5 induced UCMSC | Wharton’s Jelly extracted from umbilical cords of full-term caesarean deliveries | Passage 3 UCMSCs were induced into Schwann-like cells | Xenogenic transplantation into transected sciatic nerve tissue specimens. | 3 | Significant improvement in SFI in all treated as compared to control with the greatest improvement in UCMSC group |
Xiao et al[51], 2015 | Case Control | Human | Rabbit | 10 chitosan conduit anastomosis bridge filled with UCMSCs | 10 chitosan conduit anastomosis only; 10 untreated | Not specified | UCMSCs were loaded into a chitosan conduit | Xenogenic transplantation into tibial-common peroneal nerve end-to-side anastomosis | 12 | Significant improvement in myelin sheath thickness, Schwann cell growth, growth of axis bud and growth velocity of regenerated fibre in UCMSC group compared to controls. No significant difference observed between either control groups |
Pereira et al[52], 2014 | Case Control | Human | Murine | 6 undifferentiated UCMSCs + PLC; 6 differentiated UCMSCs into neural-glial-like cells + PLC | 6 untreated; 6 treated with suture; 6 without nerve gap | Human Wharton’s Jelly UCMSCs obtained from third-party source (PromoCell GmbH) | Passage 5 UCMSCs were fixed onto PLC scaffold | Xenogenic transplantation into sciatic nerve gap specimens | 20 | Both UCMSC treated groups showed increased myelin sheath thickness, enhanced recovery in motor and sensory function. No significant difference was noted between differentiated and undifferentiated groups. PLC use did not significantly improve nerve regeneration |
- Citation: Bojanic C, To K, Zhang B, Mak C, Khan WS. Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12(4): 288-302
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v12/i4/288.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v12.i4.288