Mesenchymal stem cells as living anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome

Table 1 Approved mesenchymal stem cell therapies outside of United States in the past 20 years

	Product name	Source	Autologous/Allogeneic	Indication	Company/Country
1	Alofisel	Adipose tissue-derived stem cells	Allogeneic	Complex perianal fistuals in Crohn’s disease	TiGenix NV/Takeda PharmaceuticalEU
2	Chondrocytes-T-Ortho-ACI	Chondrocyte	Autologous	Cartilage damage, lesions and defects	Ortho Cell, Australia
3	Spherox	Chondrocyte	Autologous	Symptomatic articular cartilage defects	CO.DON AG, Germany and EU
4	Ossgrow	BM-MSCs	Autologous	Avascular necrosis	Regrow, India
5	Stempeucel	BM-MSCs	Allogeneic	CLI	Stempeutics, India
6	Porchymal	BM-MSCs	Allogeneic	GvHD in children	Osiris Therapeutics, Canada
7	Temcell HS	BM-MSCs	Allogeneic	GvHD	JCR Pharmaceuticals, Japan
8	NeuroNata-R	BM-MSCs	Autologous	Lou Gehrig’s disease, or ALS	Corestem, Korea
9	Cupistem	AT-MSCs	Autologous	Crohn’s fistula	Anterogen, Korea
10	Cartistem,	UC-blood-derived MSCs	Allogeneic	Damaged cartilage	Medipost Inc., Korea
11	Cellgram-AMI	BM-MSCs	Autologous	Acute myocardial infarction	Pharmicell, Korea
12	AstroStem	AT-MSCs	Autologous	Alzheimer’s disease	Nature cell, Korea
13	Stemilac	BM-MSCs	Autologous	Alzheimer’s disease	Nipro and Sapporo Medical University, Japan

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; EU: European Union; UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; AT-MSCs: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Table 2 The most relevant clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cell treating COVID-19 patients

NCT number	Cell type	Autologous	Phase	Sponsor
NCT04490486	UC-MSCs	Allogeneic	I	Joshua M Hare, United States
NCT04456361	UC-MSCs	Allogeneic	I	Instituto de Medicina Regenerativa, Mexico
NCT04313322	UC -MSCs	Allogeneic	I	Stem Cells, Arabia
NCT04288102	MSCs	NA	II	Beijing 302 Hospital
NCT04346368	BM-MSCs	NA	I/II	Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease
NCT04366323	Adipose-derived MSCs	Allogeneic	I/II	Andalusian Network for Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies
NCT04273646	UC-MSCs	Allogeneic	I	Wuhan Union Hospital, China
NCT04349631	Adipose-derived MSCs	Autologous	II	Hope Biosciences
NCT04339660	UC-MSCs	Allogeneic	I/II	Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology
NCT04366063	MSCs	NA	II/III	Royan Institute
NCT04352803	Adipose-derived MSCs	Autologous	I	Regeneris Medical
NCT04355728	UC-MSCs	Allogeneic	I/II	Camillo Ricordi
NCT04366271	UC-MSCs	Allogeneic	II	Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
NCT04348461	Adipose-derived MSCs	Allogeneic	I	Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz
NCT04345601	BM-MSCs	Allogeneic	I	Baylor College of Medicine
NCT03042143	UC-MSCs (CD362 enriched)	Allogeneic	I/II	Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
NCT04361942	MSCs	Allogeneic	II	Red de Terapia Celular
NCT04269525	UC-MSCs	Allogeneic	II	Zhi-Yong Peng, Hospital
NCT04333368	UC-MSCs	Allogeneic	I	Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
NCT04299152	Cord blood stem cells (CB-SC)	Allogeneic	II	Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc.
NCT04341610	Adipose-derived MSCs	Allogeneic	I/II	Rigshospitalet, Denmark
NCT04276987	Adipose MSC-derived exosomes (inhalation)	Allogeneic	I	Ruijin Hospital
NCT03857841	BM-MSC derived extracellular vesicles (UNEX-42)	Allogeneic	I	United Therapeutics

MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSC: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.