New insights for pelvic radiation disease treatment: Multipotent stromal cell is a promise mainstay treatment for the restoration of abdominopelvic severe chronic damages induced by radiotherapy

Figure 1 Clinical trials to treat consequences of radiotherapy. Clinical and pre-clinical use of stem cells to treat toxic side effects induced by radiotherapy on healthy tissue of radio-sensitive patients. Pathologies treated are (left side) osteonecrosis, xerostomia, atherosclerosis, cardiac attack, breast cancer, liver disease, pelvic radiation disease, radiodermatitis and bone marrow aplasia. Targeted organs (brain, salivary glands, mandibles, skin, liver, heart and rectum/bladder, bone marrow) are mentioned on the left side. On the right side, stem cells are isolated from several tissue sources, expanded in vitro, then injected locally (i loc) or intravenously (iv). Stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissues are used in clinic. Other sources of stem cells (neural stem cell, salivary gland stem cell, hepatocyte and embryonic stem cell) are only used in animal models (pre-clinical use).