Adipose-derived stem cell stimulation using poly-L-lactic acid injection

Figure 1 Immunofluorescence cell phenotyping. A: Adipose-derived stem cells as a percentage of all cells 6 months after treatment with poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and saline; B: Change in the number of adipose-derived stem cells 6 months after treatment with PLLA and saline; C: Change in number of fibroblasts 6 months after treatment with PLLA and saline. PLLA: Poly-L-lactic acid.

Figure 2 Immunofluorescence images of poly-L-lactic acid-treated subcutaneous adipose tissue. The poly-L-lactic acid-macrophage-fibroblast encapsulations show intense expression of CD90, CD105, preadipocyte factor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and β-catenin. These encapsulations have high concentrations of proliferating cells expressing phenotypes consistent with adipose-derived stem cells and fibroblasts. The perilipin-expressing (purple outline) cells seen distinctly separate from the encapsulations are mature adipocytes.

Figure 3 Immunofluorescence image of macrophages. M2 macrophages (CD163 labeled magenta in top figure) greatly predominate over the barely visible M1 macrophages (CD80 labeled red in bottom figure).