Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Stem Cells. Apr 26, 2023; 15(4): 182-195
Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.182
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Nobel prizes awarded for the endeavour towards curing diabetes. Insulin is not a cure for diabetes. Three Nobel prizes have been awarded in this endeavour[5].
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Mature islets are a regulatory centre for glucose homeostasis. A simplified graphic representation of how mature pancreatic islets regulates glucose homeostasis. Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body (45%-55% body mass) and consumes about 80% insulin. GLP1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 There are clear differences in spatiotemporal and microenvironment niches between the in vivo development and ex vivo differentiation of islet lineages. Details of lineage tracing mouse lines can be found in articles[103,104]. ICM: Inner cell mass; PSC: Pluripotent stem cell; Sox17: SRY-box transcription factor 17; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; PDX1: Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, also known as insulin promoter factor 1; NGN3: Neurogenin-3; MIP: Mouse insulin 1 promoter; SC-β cells: Stem cell-derived β cells.