Clinical trials using dental stem cells: 2022 update

Figure 1 Tissue origin, harvest, characteristics, and clinical application potential of the various populations of dental stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth can be isolated from the inner dental pulp of permanent teeth and deciduous exfoliated teeth, respectively. Stem cells from apical papilla can be extracted from the apical papilla; periodontal ligament stem cells can be harvested from the periodontal ligament; and dietary fiber supplementation combinations can be derived from the dental follicle. Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be extracted from gingiva. Citation: Sharpe PT. Dental mesenchymal stem cells. Development 2016; 143: 2273-2280[139]. Copyright ©The Authors 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. The authors have obtained the permission for figure using from the Company of Biologists Ltd (Supplementary material).