Association of topical Tongxuekang Fumigation-washing with early wound recovery after hemorrhoidectomy: A retrospective cohort study

doi:10.3748/wjg.118686

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Sep 7, 2026; 32(33): 118686
Published online Sep 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.118686

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Group	Gender		Age (years)	Body mass index (kg/m²)	Constipation history		Grade IV/severe		Resection number ≥ 3		Diabetes		Hypertension		Open surgery
Group	Male	Female	Age (years)	Body mass index (kg/m²)	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Control (n = 150)	92 (61.3)	58 (38.7)	44.8 ± 12.6	24.1 ± 3.2	66 (44.0)	84 (56.0)	58 (38.7)	92 (61.3)	69 (46.0)	81 (54.0)	18 (12.0)	132 (88.0)	27 (18.0)	123 (82.0)	104 (69.3)	46 (30.7)
Tongxuekang fumigation-washing (n = 150)	95 (63.3)	55 (36.7)	45.1 ± 11.9	24.0 ± 3.1	61 (40.7)	89 (59.3)	60 (40.0)	90 (60.0)	71 (47.3)	79 (52.7)	16 (10.7)	134 (89.3)	25 (16.7)	125 (83.3)	101 (67.3)	49 (32.7)
χ²/t	0.130		0.220	-0.280	0.350		0.050		0.050		0.120		0.090		0.140
P value	0.720		0.830	0.780	0.550		0.820		0.830		0.730		0.720		0.820

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Table 2 Comparison of healing and pain-related outcomes between groups, mean ± SD/n (%)/mean (interquartile range)

Group	Complete epithelization time (days)	Visual analog scale (score)			Additional analgesia	Number of follow-up visits (times)
Group	Complete epithelization time (days)	3^rd day	7^th day	14^th day	Additional analgesia	Number of follow-up visits (times)
Control (n = 150)	21 (19, 24)	6.1 ± 1.3	4.2 ± 1.4	2.3 ± 1.2	48 (32.0)	2 (1, 3)
Tongxuekang fumigation-washing (n = 150)	18 (16, 21)	5.4 ± 1.2	3.5 ± 1.2	1.8 ± 1.0	31 (20.7)	1 (1, 2)
Statistic	Z = 6.821	t = 4.702	t = 4.640	t = 3.921	χ² = 5.010	Z = 3.952
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.025	< 0.001

Skewed variables are expressed as mean (interquartile range) and were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The number of follow-up contacts reflects early healthcare utilization rather than a direct measure of recovery or adherence.

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Table 3 Comparison of local wound signs and granulation tissue quality between groups, n (%)/mean (interquartile range)

Group	Edema score		Exudation score		Granulation on the 14^th day (excellent and good rate)
Group	7^th day	14^th day	7^th day	14^th day	Granulation on the 14^th day (excellent and good rate)
Control (n = 150)	2 (1, 2)	1 (0, 1)	2 (1, 2)	1 (0, 1)	102 (68.0)
Tongxuekang fumigation-washing (n = 150)	1 (1, 2)	0 (0, 1)	1 (1, 2)	0 (0, 1)	126 (84.0)
Statistic	Z = 3.21	Z = 4.08	Z = 3.67	Z = 4.55	χ² = 10.92
P value	0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001

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Table 4 Comparison of complications and healthcare utilization within 14 days between groups, n (%)

Group	Infection	Secondary hemorrhage	Uroschesis	Anal marginal dermatophytosis/cicatrix discomfort	Re-visit more than once within 14 days
Control (n = 150)	15 (10.0)	10 (6.7)	9 (6.0)	12 (8.0)	54 (36.0)
Tongxuekang fumigation-washing (n = 150)	6 (4.0)	3 (2.0)	7 (4.7)	8 (5.3)	33 (22.0)
χ²	4.270	4.060	0.260	0.870	7.210
P value	0.039	0.044	0.61	0.35	0.007

Infection and bleeding events were recorded within 14 days after surgery. Re-visit refers to outpatient, emergency, or online re-contact and was analyzed as a healthcare utilization indicator; it cannot distinguish faster recovery from lower adherence or access barriers.

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Table 5 Multivariate analysis of effect on complete epithelization time

Variable	*Beta*	SE	Wald χ²	P value
Tongxuekang fumigation-washing (yes vs no)	-2.30	0.41	31.52	< 0.001
Age (1 year for each additional)	0.03	0.01	6.25	0.012
Male (male vs female)	0.21	0.32	0.43	0.512
Body mass index (per 1 kg/m² increase)	0.06	0.04	2.25	0.134
Constipation history (yes vs no)	0.62	0.28	4.90	0.027
Grade IV/severe (yes vs no)	0.94	0.29	10.52	0.001
Number of resections ≥ 3 (yes vs no)	0.71	0.27	6.92	0.009
Diabetes (yes vs no)	0.88	0.39	5.10	0.024
Hypertension (yes vs no)	0.31	0.35	0.78	0.377
Open surgery (yes vs no)	0.44	0.30	2.15	0.143

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Table 6 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of postoperative infection

Variable	*Beta*	SE	Wald χ²	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Tongxuekang fumigation-washing (yes vs no)	-1.02	0.48	4.54	0.033	0.36	0.14-0.93
Age (1 year for each additional)	0.02	0.01	3.11	0.078	1.02	1.00-1.05
Male (male vs female)	0.23	0.44	0.27	0.602	1.26	0.53-2.97
Body mass index (per 1 kg/m² increase)	0.05	0.06	0.69	0.406	1.05	0.94-1.17
Constipation history (yes vs no)	0.58	0.42	1.91	0.167	1.78	0.78-4.05
Grade IV/severe (yes vs no)	0.71	0.41	2.99	0.084	2.03	0.91-4.53
Number of resections ≥ 3 (yes vs no)	0.63	0.40	2.49	0.115	1.88	0.86-4.10
Diabetes (yes vs no)	0.92	0.47	3.85	0.050	2.50	1.00-6.27
Hypertension (yes vs no)	0.36	0.45	0.64	0.425	1.43	0.59-3.45
Open surgery (yes vs no)	0.41	0.43	0.90	0.343	1.51	0.65-3.52

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Table 7 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of secondary hemorrhage

Variable	*Beta*	SE	Wald χ²	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Tongxuekang fumigation-washing (yes vs no)	-1.27	0.66	3.71	0.054	0.28	0.07-1.03
Age (1 year for each additional)	0.01	0.02	0.52	0.472	1.01	0.97-1.05
Male (male vs female)	0.19	0.60	0.10	0.753	1.21	0.37-3.95
Body mass index (per 1 kg/m² increase)	0.04	0.08	0.25	0.617	1.04	0.90-1.21
Constipation history (yes vs no)	0.67	0.56	1.44	0.230	1.95	0.65-5.83
Grade IV/severe (yes vs no)	0.88	0.54	2.66	0.103	2.41	0.83-7.02
Number of resections ≥ 3 (yes vs no)	0.74	0.53	1.95	0.163	2.10	0.74-5.95
Diabetes (yes vs no)	0.58	0.63	0.85	0.357	1.78	0.52-6.07
Hypertension (yes vs no)	0.44	0.61	0.52	0.472	1.55	0.47-5.16
Open surgery (yes vs no)	0.39	0.58	0.45	0.503	1.48	0.47-4.64

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Citation: Jiang ZZ, Yu S, Zhu ZF. Association of topical Tongxuekang Fumigation-washing with early wound recovery after hemorrhoidectomy: A retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(33): 118686
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i33/118686.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.118686

Jiang ZZ, Yu S, Zhu ZF. Association of topical Tongxuekang Fumigation-washing with early wound recovery after hemorrhoidectomy: A retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(33): 118686 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.118686]

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