Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2026; 32(27): 119276
Published online Jul 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.119276
Published online Jul 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.119276
Table 1 Basic performance test
| Targets | Test subset A (95%CI) | Test subset B (95%CI) |
| Sensitivity (%) | 98.07 (97.81, 98.33) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) |
| Precision (%) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) |
| Accuracy (%) | 99.03 (99.00, 99.06) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) |
Table 2 Model generalization performance tests
| Test content | Recall % (95%CI) | Precision % (95%CI) | Accuracy % (95%CI) |
| Ileocecal recognition generalization | |||
| The first time | 96.15 (96.05, 96.25) | 99.34 (99.13, 99.55) | 97.76 (97.27, 98.25) |
| The second time | 96.79 (96.34, 97.24) | 98.69 (98.33, 99.05) | 97.75 (97.52, 97.98) |
| The third time | 96.15 (95.89, 96.41) | 99.34 (98.93, 99.75) | 97.76 (97.11, 98.41) |
| Mucosa touch recognition generalization | |||
| The first time | 98.72 (98.39, 99.05) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.36 (99.03, 99.69) |
| The second time | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) |
| The third time | 98.72 (98.43, 99.01) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.36 (99.00, 99.72) |
Table 3 Factors that impact mucosa touch rate detection
| Change factor | Ileocecal recognition | Mucosa touch recognition | ||||
| Recall % (95%CI) | Precision % (95%CI) | Accuracy % (95%CI) | Recall % (95%CI) | Precision % (95%CI) | Accuracy % (95%CI) | |
| Calculated test metrics for the test set of factors affecting the brightness | ||||||
| 0.2 | 96.15 (95.87, 96.43) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 98.08 (97.90, 98.26) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) |
| 0.4 | 96.15 (96.00, 96.03) | 98.04 (97.89, 98.19) | 97.12 (96.85, 97.39) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 98.11 (98.01, 98.21) | 99.04 (98.76, 99.32) |
| 0.6 | 94.23 (94.14, 94.32) | 98.00 (97.95, 98.05) | 96.15 (95.88, 96.42) | 98.07 (97.88, 98.26) | 98.07 (97.47, 98.67) | 98.07 (96.89, 99.25) |
| 0.8 | 94.23 (93.17, 95.29) | 96.08 (94.33, 97.83) | 95.19 (92.83, 97.55) | 96.15 (94.52, 97.78) | 98.04 (96.14, 99.94) | 97.12 (94.86, 99.38) |
| 1.0 | 92.31 (90.21, 94.41) | 96.00 (93.68, 98.32) | 94.23 (92.35, 96.11) | 94.23 (91.36, 97.10) | 96.08 (92.89, 99.27) | 95.19 (93.68, 96.70) |
| 1.2 | 92.31 (89.87, 94.75) | 96.00 (92.59, 99.41) | 94.23 (91.44, 97.02) | 94.23 (91.33, 97.13) | 94.23 (92.35, 96.11) | 94.23 (90.66, 97.80) |
| 1.4 | 86.54 (83.77, 89.31) | 88.23 (82.99, 93.47) | 87.5 (85.44, 89.56) | 92.31 (88.75, 95.87) | 94.12 (90.33, 97.91) | 93.27 (89.71, 96.83) |
| 1.6 | 19.23 (14.69, 23.77) | 58.82 (50.69, 66.95) | 52.88 (48.99, 56.77) | 42.31 (38.55, 46.07) | 50.00 (45.06, 54.94) | 50.00 (45.06, 54.94) |
| 1.8 | 19.23 (14.69, 23.77) | 58.82 (50.69, 66.95) | 52.88 (48.99, 56.77) | 42.31 (38.55, 46.07) | 50.00 (45.06, 54.94) | 50.00 (45.06, 54.94) |
| 2.0 | 19.23 (14.69, 23.77) | 58.82 (50.69, 66.95) | 52.88 (48.99, 56.77) | 42.31 (38.55, 46.07) | 50.00 (45.06, 54.94) | 50.00 (45.06, 54.94) |
| Calculated test metrics for the test set of contrast influencing factors | ||||||
| 0.2 | 96.15 (93.77, 98.53) | 98.04 (97.33, 98.75) | 97.12 (96.55, 97.69) | 98.08 (96.47, 99.69) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.04 (98.15, 99.93) |
| 0.4 | 98.08 (96.81, 99.35) | 98.08 (96.99, 99.17) | 98.08 (97.00, 99.16) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) |
| 0.6 | 94.23 (92.65, 95.81) | 96.08 (94.33, 97.83) | 95.19 (92.69, 97.69) | 96.15 (94.87, 97.43) | 94.34 (91.58, 97.10) | 95.19 (93.67, 96.71) |
| 0.8 | 92.31 (90.77, 93.85) | 94.12 (93.17, 95.07) | 93.27 (91.22, 95.32) | 94.23 (92.59, 95.87) | 96.08 (94.33, 97.83) | 95.19 (93.74, 96.64) |
| 1.0 | 86.53 (81.79, 91.27) | 86.53 (83.44, 89.62) | 86.54 (84.65, 88.43) | 92.31 (90.11, 94.51) | 73.85 (70.33, 77.37) | 79.81 (75.99, 83.63) |
| 1.2 | 86.53 (83.77, 89.29) | 78.95 (76.88, 81.02) | 81.73 (78.54, 84.92) | 92.31 (90.41, 94.21) | 73.85 (70.41, 77.29) | 79.81 (77.25, 82.37) |
| 1.4 | 78.84 (76.38, 81.30) | 70.69 (67.89, 73.49) | 73.08 (71.21, 74.95) | 92.31 (89.76, 94.86) | 68.57 (65.71, 71.43) | 75.00 (72.99, 77.01) |
| 1.6 | 75.00 (73.68, 76.32) | 67.24 (63.79, 70.69) | 69.23 (65.33, 73.13) | 88.46 (85.67, 91.25) | 63.89 (60.55, 67.23) | 69.23 (66.31, 72.15) |
| 1.8 | 59.62 (57.22, 62.02) | 58.49 (57.71, 59.27) | 58.65 (54.99, 62.31) | 84.62 (81.67, 87.57) | 61.97 (59.43, 64.51) | 66.34 (64.58, 68.10) |
| 2.0 | 48.08 (46.71, 49.45) | 42.37 (39.97, 44.77) | 41.35 (38.53, 44.17) | 76.92 (74.66, 79.18) | 55.56 (53.78, 57.34) | 57.69 (56.43, 58.95) |
| Calculated test metrics for the test set of rotational change influencing factors | ||||||
| -30° | 98.07 (97.99, 98.15) | 98.07 (97.99, 98.15) | 98.07 (97.99, 98.15) | 98.07 (97.99, 98.15) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.04 (98.08, 100.00) |
| -60° | 96.15 (95.21, 97.09) | 98.04 (97.32, 98.76) | 97.12 (95.69, 98.55) | 96.15 (94.87, 97.43) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 98.08 (96.87, 99.29) |
| -90° | 98.07 (96.87, 99.27) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.03 (98.06,100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) |
| -120° | 98.07 (97.66, 98.48) | 98.07 (97.99, 98.15) | 98.07 (98.00, 98.14) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 98.11 (98.03, 98.19) | 99.04 (98.08, 100.00) |
| -150° | 94.23 (92.66, 95.80) | 96.08 (94.77, 97.39) | 95.19 (94.15, 96.23) | 96.15 (95.21, 97.09) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 98.08 (97.99, 98.17) |
| -180° | 98.07 (97.88, 98.26) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.03 (98.06, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) |
| -210° | 96.15 (94.77, 97.53) | 98.04 (96.58, 99.50) | 97.12 (94.99, 99.25) | 96.15 (95.37, 96.93) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 98.08 (98.01, 98.15) |
| -240° | 94.23 (92.63, 95.83) | 96.08 (95.77, 96.39) | 95.19 (94.15, 96.23) | 98.07 (97.16, 98.98) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.04 (98.08, 100.00) |
| -270° | 98.07 (97.19, 98.95) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.03 (98.06, 100.00) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 98.11 (98.03, 98.19) | 99.04 (98.99, 99.09) |
| -300° | 94.23 (92.41, 96.05) | 96.08 (95.88, 96.28) | 95.19 (93.77, 96.61) | 98.07 (98.00, 98.14) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 99.04 (98.89, 99.19) |
| -330° | 96.15 (94.58, 97.72) | 98.04 (96.59, 99.49) | 97.12 (95.88, 98.36) | 96.15 (94.79, 97.51) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 98.08 (97.99, 98.17) |
Table 4 Comparison of baseline demographic data characteristics between the control group and experimental group, mean ± SD/n (%)
| Control group (n = 1500) | Experimental group (n = 1366) | P value | |
| Sex | > 0.05 | ||
| Male | 700 (46.67) | 649 (47.51) | |
| Female | 800 (53.33) | 717 (52.49) | |
| Age, years | 49.68 ± 13.8 | 50.66 ± 13.47 | > 0.05 |
| Examination purpose | > 0.05 | ||
| Symptomatic | 988 (65.87) | 913 (66.84) | |
| Health check-up | 375 (23.80) | 328 (24.01) | |
| Disease monitoring | 107 (53.33) | 98 (53.33) | |
| Abnormal test results | 30 (7.13) | 27 (1.98) |
Table 5 Overall polyp detection rate and adenoma detection rate in the clinical validation phase
| Group | Sample size | PDR | ADR | P value (PDR) | P value (ADR) | ||
| n (%) | (95%CI) | n (%) | (95%CI) | ||||
| Experimental | 1366 | 699 (51.17) | (48.32, 54.02) | 147 (10.76) | (7.35, 14.17) | < 0.001 | > 0.05 |
| Control | 1500 | 601 (40.07) | (34.87, 45.27) | 141 (9.40) | (6.89, 11.91) | ||
Table 6 Polyp detection rate and adenoma detection rate by seniority and group
| Endoscopist group | Subgroup | Sample size | PDR | ADR | P value (PDR) | P value (ADR) | ||
| n (%) | (95%CI) | n (%) | (95%CI) | |||||
| High-seniority | Control | 750 | 329 (43.87) | (39.75, 47.99) | 84 (11.20) | (7.46, 14.96) | < 0.05 | > 0.05 |
| Experimental | 750 | 372 (49.60) | (46.25, 52.95) | 92 (12.27) | (8.73, 15.81) | |||
| Low-seniority | Control | 750 | 272 (36.27) | (33.82, 38.72) | 57 (7.60) | (4.38, 10.82) | < 0.001 | > 0.05 |
| Experimental | 616 | 346 (56.17) | (50.36, 61.98) | 62 (10.06) | (6.37, 13.75) | |||
Table 7 Polyp detection rate and adenoma detection rate by age subgroup
| Age subgroup | Subgroup | PDR | ADR | P value (PDR) | P value (ADR) | ||
| n (%) | (95%CI) | n (%) | (95%CI) | ||||
| < 40 years | Control (n = 320) | 68 (21.25) | (17.65, 24.85) | 25 (7.81) | (5.20, 10.42) | < 0.01 | < 0.05 |
| Experimental (n = 290) | 89 (30.69) | (26.71, 34.67) | 39 (13.45) | (10.24, 16.66) | |||
| 40-60 years | Control (n = 790) | 293 (37.09) | (33.85, 40.33) | 118 (14.94) | (11.37, 18.51) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Experimental (n = 720) | 350 (48.61) | (45.70, 51.52) | 168 (23.33) | (19.64, 27.02) | |||
| > 60 years | Control (n = 390) | 162 (41.54) | (39.45, 43.63) | 67 (17.18) | (16.40, 17.96) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Experimental (n = 356) | 183 (51.40) | (46.65, 56.15) | 88 (24.72) | (20.98, 28.46) | |||
- Citation: Chen W, Wu M, Wang HY, Wu HB, Li J, Sun YH, Huang F, Gao M, Zhong ZH, Wu YM, Chen L. Artificial intelligence-based mucosa touch rate: A novel real-time quality control indicator for colonoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(27): 119276
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i27/119276.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.119276