Salidroside mitigates experimental colitis through cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway activation and suppression of enteric glial cell responses

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.116337

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2026; 32(21): 116337
Published online Jun 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.116337

Table 1 Disease activity index activity scoring criteria

Score	Body weight loss (%)	Fecal property	Presence of gross bleeding or bloodstain
0	None	Normal	Negative hemoccult
1	1-5	Soft but still formed	Weakly positive hemoccult
2	5-10	Soft	Positive hemoccult
3	10-15	Very soft	Blood traces in stool visible
4	≥ 15	Watery diarrhea	Gross rectal bleeding

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Table 2 Histological index score

Score	Degree of inflammation	Extent of inflammation	Crypt damage
0	None	None	None
1	Slight	Mucosa	Basal 2/3 damaged
2	Medium	Mucosa and submucosa	Basal 2/3 damaged
3	Severe	Muscular or transmural	Only surface epithelium intact
4	Severe	Muscular or transmural	Entire crypt and epithelium lost

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Table 3 Primary antibodies used in the study

Antigen	Host species	Dilution		Source	Catalog No.
Antigen	Host species	Immunofluorescent histochemical staining	Western blotting	Source	Catalog No.
CREB	Rabbit	NA	1: 1000	Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States)	9197
GAPDH	Rabbit	NA	1: 1000	Sigma (Saint Louis, MO, United States)	G9545
GDNF	Rabbit	NA	1: 1000	Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom)	AB176564
GFAP	Chicken	1: 500	NA	Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom)	AB4674
GFAP	Rabbit	NA	1: 1000	Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom)	AB7260
Hu D + Hu C	Rabbit	1: 500	NA	Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom)	AB184267
Occludin	Rabbit	1: 500	1: 1000	Servicebio (Wuhan, Hubei Province, China)	GB111401
Phospho-CREB	Rabbit	NA	1: 1000	Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States)	9198
Phospho-PKA	Rabbit	NA	1: 1000	Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States)	5661
PKA	Rabbit	NA	1: 1000	Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States)	4782
ZO-1	Rabbit	1: 300	1: 2000	Servicebio (Wuhan, Hubei Province, China)	GB15195

NA: Not applicable; CREB: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; GDNF: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PKA: Protein kinase A; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1.

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Table 4 Secondary antibodies used in the study

Antigen	Conjugation	Dilution	Source	Catalog No.
Donkey anti-rabbit IgG	Alexa flour 488	1:1000	Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, United States)	A21206
Donkey anti-rabbit IgG	Alexa flour 594	1:1000	Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, United States)	A21207
Donkey anti-chicken IgG	Alexa flour 488	1:1000	Jackson (Lancaster, PA, United States)	703545155
Goat anti-rabbit IgG	HRP	1:5000	Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom)	AB9655

IgG: Immunoglobulin G; HRP: Horseradish peroxidase.

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Citation: Li Y, Tao SS, Wang Y, Sun Q, Li MY, Zhang H, Li YQ. Salidroside mitigates experimental colitis through cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway activation and suppression of enteric glial cell responses. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(21): 116337
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i21/116337.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.116337

Li Y, Tao SS, Wang Y, Sun Q, Li MY, Zhang H, Li YQ. Salidroside mitigates experimental colitis through cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway activation and suppression of enteric glial cell responses. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(21): 116337 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.116337]

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