Clinical significance of autoantibody profiling and systemic inflammation in predicting outcomes of gastric cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy

Table 1 Clinical and blood indicators characteristics of patients with gastric cancer undergoing immunotherapy, n (%)

Characteristics	Death (n = 157)	Survival (n = 73)	χ2/U value	P value
Age (years), median (IQR)	64 (57, 69)	63 (55, 70)	5561	0.718
Gender			2.465	0.120
Male	111 (70.7)	44 (60.3)
Female	46 (29.3)	29 (39.7)
TNM			16.04	< 0.001
I + II	7 (4.5)	15 (20.5)
III + IV	150 (95.5)	58 (79.5)
ANA			0.103	0.748
Negative	81 (51.6)	36 (49.3)
Positive	76 (48.4)	37 (50.7)
ENA			4.371	0.037
Negative	92 (58.6)	32 (43.8)
Positive	65 (41.4)	41 (56.2)
ANA + ENA			18.950	< 0.001
Negative	48 (30.6)	19 (26.0)
Positive	109 (69.4)	54 (74.0)

ANA: Antinuclear antibody; ENA: Extractable nuclear antigen; TNM: Tumor node metastasis; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Tumor and inflammatory biomarkers of gastric cancer undergoing immunotherapy

Characteristics	Death (n = 157)	Survival (n = 73)	χ2/U value	P value
CEA (ng/mL), median (IQR)	37.54 (29.27, 41.25)	32.89 (23.95, 38.66)	4447	0.006
CA199 (U/mL), median (IQR)	44.15 (36.75, 53.46)	35.16 (26.45, 43.22)	3316	< 0.001
NLR, median (IQR)	7.05 (5.30, 9.33)	6.37 (5.23, 8.47)	4735	0.034
PLR, median (IQR)	207.10 (108.90, 315.00)	198.70 (133.80, 347.80)	5372	0.447
PIV, median (IQR)	1286 (955.1, 1416)	1239 (1142, 1352)	5403	0.487
SII, median (IQR)	1452 (752.5, 2318)	1246 (989.4, 1859)	5654	0.871

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PIV: Pan-immune-inflammation value; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index.

Table 3 The correlation between autoantibodies and tumor and inflammatory indicators

Characteristics	Negative (n = 67)	Positive (n = 163)	U value	P value
CEA (ng/mL), median (IQR)	37.46 (30.80, 41.74)	30.64 (24.16, 38.34)	3648	< 0.001
CA199 (U/mL), median (IQR)	45.32 (35.43, 58.40)	35.74 (27.80, 41.54)	2888	< 0.001
NLR, median (IQR)	8.15 (5.51, 9.46)	5.713 (4.93, 6.34)	2812	< 0.001
PLR, median (IQR)	222.4 (156.0, 363.9)	195.1 (106.5, 310.2)	4333	0.014
PIV, median (IQR)	1263 (1140, 1357)	1255 (957.0, 1408)	5458	0.996
SII, median (IQR)	1400 (917.4, 1844)	1377 (765.3, 2324)	5362	0.831

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PIV: Pan-immune-inflammation value; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index.

Table 4 Predictive efficiency of multivariate Cox regression model for progression-free survival among different time

Time node (month)	AUC	95%CI	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Youden index
9	0.684	0.622-0.742	39.4	90.9	0.303
18	0.552	0.398-0.634	28.9	88.9	0.178
27	0.595	0.559-0.637	28.2	100.0	0.282

CI: Confidence interval; AUC: Area under the curve.