Development and validation of prognostic models for colon cancer incorporating extramural vascular invasion assessed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i14.116415

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2026; 32(14): 116415
Published online Apr 14, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i14.116415

Table 1 Correlation between computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion and clinical pathological features, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Factors		ctEMVI negative	ctEMVI positive	t/χ²	P value
Gender	Male	35 (59.3)	24 (40.7)	0.068	0.794
Gender	Female	26 (61.9)	16 (38.1)
Age (year)		66.64 ± 10.95	64.70 ± 11.41	0.856	0.394
Carcinoembryonic antigen	Normal	52 (64.2)	29 (35.8)	2.471	0.116
Carcinoembryonic antigen	Increase	9 (45)	11 (55)
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9	Normal	52 (61.2)	33 (38.8)	0.137	0.712
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9	Increase	9 (56.2)	7 (43.8)
Tumor site	Left colon	33 (63.5)	19 (36.5)	0.421	0.516
Tumor site	Right colon	28 (57.1)	21 (42.9)
Tumor size	< 5 cm	48 (60.8)	31 (39.2)	0.020	0.887
Tumor size	≥ 5 cm	13 (59.1)	9 (40.9)
T staging determined by CT	T1-2	14 (100)	0	10.658	0.001
T staging determined by CT	T3-4	47 (54)	40 (46)
Lymph node status determined by CT	Negative	39 (83)	8 (17)	18.743	< 0.001
Lymph node status determined by CT	Positive	22 (40.7)	32 (59.3)
Pathological T	T1-2	11 (100)	0	8.095	0.004
Pathological T	T3-4	50 (55.6)	40 (44.4)
Pathological nodal status	Negative	34 (75.6)	11 (24.4)	7.798	0.005
Pathological nodal status	Positive	27 (48.2)	29 (51.8)
Lymph node ratio		0.00 (0.00, 0.11)	0.10 (0.00, 0.18)	-2.903	0.004
Tissue typing	Well differentiated	53 (64.6)	29 (35.4)	3.273	0.070
Tissue typing	Poorly differentiated	8 (42.1)	11 (57.9)
Lymphovascular invasion	Negative	2 (8.3)	22 (91.7)	35.674	< 0.001
Lymphovascular invasion	Positive	59 (76.6)	18 (23.4)
Perineural invasion	Negative	57 (73.1)	21 (26.9)	23.027	< 0.001
Perineural invasion	Positive	4 (17.4)	19(82.6)

CT: Computed tomography; ctEMVI: Computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion.

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Citation: Wang MR, Zheng LF, Yang F, Gu XY, Yang JS, Chen FX, Liu JM, He BS. Development and validation of prognostic models for colon cancer incorporating extramural vascular invasion assessed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(14): 116415
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i14/116415.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i14.116415