Differences in diversity and composition of mucosa-associated colonic microbiota in colorectal cancer and non-colorectal cancer in Indonesia

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i7.100051

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Case Control Study

World J Gastroenterol. Feb 21, 2025; 31(7): 100051
Published online Feb 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i7.100051

Table 1 Characteristics of study participants, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variable	Colorectal cancer (n = 35)	Non-colorectal cancer (n = 24)	Total (n = 59)	P value
Age, median (minimum-maximum,)	61 (18-79)	47 (21-74)	55 (18-79)	0.002^a
Age (yr)
< 30	2 (5.7)	2 (8.3)	4 (6.8)	0.012^a
30-39	2 (5.7)	6 (25.0)	8 (13.6)
40-49	1 (2.9)	6 (25.0)	7 (11.9)
50-59	10 (28.6)	4 (16.7)	14 (23.7)
60-69	13 (37.1)	5 (20.8)	18 (30.5)
≥ 70	7 (20.0)	1 (4.2)	8 (13.6)
Gender
Male	22 (62.9)	10 (41.7)	32 (54.2)	0.181
Female	13 (37.1)	14 (58.3)	27 (45.8)
Body mass index (kg/m²)	21.22 ± 3.26	22.4 ± 4.20	22.1 ± 3.68	0.222
Hypertension
Yes	9 (25.7)	3 (12.5)	12 (20.3)	0.326
No	26 (74.3)	21 (87.5)	47 (79.7)
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	5 (14.3)	5 (20.8)	10 (16.9)	0.725
No	30 (85.7)	19 (79.2)	49 (83.1)
Smoking history
Active smoker	0 (0)	3 (12.5)	3 (5.1)	0.075
Stopped smoking	17 (48.6)	8 (33.3)	25 (42.4)
No smoking history	18 (51.4)	13 (54.2)	31 (52.5)
Alcohol history
Yes	7 (20)	4 (16.7)	11 (18.6)	1.000
No	28 (80)	20 (83.3)	48 (81.4)
Vegetable and fruit consumption
Almost never	5 (14.3)	6 (25.0)	11 (18.6)	0.569
1-2 servings per day	26 (74.3)	16 (66.7)	42 (71.2)
3-4 servings per day	4 (11.4)	2 (8.3)	6 (10.2)
Red meat consumption
< 100 g/day	30 (85.7)	24 (100.0)	54 (91.5)	0.073
100-105 g/day	5 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	5 (8.5)
Instant food consumption
Never	14 (40.0)	9 (37.5)	23 (39.0)	0.579
1-2/month	17 (48.6)	9 (37.5)	26 (44.1)
3-4/month	2 (5.7)	3 (12.5)	5 (8.5)
2-3/week	2 (5.7)	3 (12.5)	5 (8.5)
Grilled meat consumption
Rarely/never	31 (88.6)	19 (79.2)	50 (84.7)	0.464
1-2 servings per week	4 (11.4)	24 (20.8)	9 (15.3)
Colorectal cancer stage
I	4 (11.4)
II	5 (14.3)
III	15 (42.9)
IV	11 (31.4)
Tumor location
Left (rectum, sigmoid, descending)	28 (80)
Right (transversum, ascending, caecum)	7 (20)
Non-colorectal cancer
Hemorrhoid		12 (50.0)
Microscopic colitis		4 (16.7)
NICE I polyps		5 (20.8)
Irritable bowel syndrome		3 (12.5)

^aP < 0.05.

Table 2 Comparison of gut microbiota composition based on phylum rank

Microbiota	Colorectal cancer, median (minimum-maximum) (n = 35)	Non-colorectal cancer, median (minimum-maximum) (n = 24)	P value	Adjusted P value
Firmicutes	38.4 (4.8-78.9)	42.1 (0.5-78.3)	0.84	0.83
Proteobacteria	21.5 (0.9-91.9)	21.1 (2.67-95.6)	0.46	0.90
Fusobacteria	4.03 (0-56.9)	0.06 (0-82.6)	0.09	0.43
Bacteroidetes	9.83 (0.2-36.9)	11.0 (0.67-33.1)	0.45	0.68

Adjusted P value: P value after adjustment for age and gender. The adjusted P value was calculated using a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and log link.

Table 3 Comparison of gut microbiota composition based on family rank

Microbiota	Colorectal cancer, median (minimum-maximum) (n = 35)	Non-colorectal cancer, median (minimum-maximum) (n = 24)	P value	Adjusted P value
Enterobacteriaceae	6.53 (0-65.65)	8.83 (0-63.87)	0.55	0.94
Lachnospiraceae	11.38 (0.32-61.55)	9.57 (0.02-44.69)	0.62	0.43
Oscillospiraceae	4.72 (0.0149.15)	21.29 (0.01-44.40)	0.01^a	0.009^a
Fusobacteriaceae	4.03 (0-54.94)	0.06 (0-82.59)	0.18	0.69
Prevotellaceae	1.94 (0-31.06)	1.31 (0-28.43)	0.65	0.16
Bacteroidaceae	2.70 (0.01-16.19)	2.46 (0-15.27)	0.68	0.30
Veillonellaceae	1.29 (0-27.40)	0.56 (0-12.40)	0.56	0.06
Clostridiaceae	1.20 (0.02-10.15)	0.65 (0.02-36.03)	0.02^a	0.11

^aP < 0.05.

Adjusted P value: P value after adjustment for age and gender. The adjusted P value was calculated using a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and log link.

Table 4 Comparison of gut microbiota composition based on genus rank

Microbiota	Colorectal cancer, median (minimum-maximum) (n = 35)	Non-colorectal cancer, median (minimum-maximum) (n = 24)	P value	Adjusted P value
Fusobacterium	4.12 (0-55.0)	0.06 (0-82.6)	0.17	0.67
Faecalibacterium	1.15 (0-13.3)	17.6 (0-41.8)	< 0.001^b	< 0.001^b
Citrobacter	2.13 (0-23.5)	3.32 (0-24.1)	0.43	0.73
Prevotella	1.48 (0-30.7)	1.34 (0-21.2)	0.56	0.17
Bacteroides	2.11 (0-16.3)	0.37 (0-7.70)	0.02^a	0.03^a
Clostridium	0.63 (0-10.2)	0.60 (0.02-36.3)	0.90	0.48
Kluyvera	0.82 (0-10.2)	1.48 (0-11.7)	0.45	0.62
Vescimonas	0.48 (0-20.6)	0.36 (0-5.34)	0.13	0.21
Franconibacter	0.69 (0-10.6)	0.94 (0-6.22)	0.61	0.85
Phocaeicola	0.18 (0-6.27)	1.28 (0-12.4)	0.03^a	< 0.001^b
Campylobacter	0.06 (0-23.5)	0 (0-0.05)	< 0.001^b	< 0.001^b
Klebsiella	0.51 (0-5.90)	0.41 (0-2.18)	0.76	0.16
Haemophilus	0.01 (0-5.02)	0.34 (0-12.8)	0.003^a	< 0.001^b
Peptostreptococcus	0.07 (0-9.41)	0 (0-0.20)	< 0.001^b	< 0.001^b
Parvimonas	0.06 (0-6.13)	0 (0-0.24)	< 0.001^b	0.005^a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001.

Adjusted P value: P value after adjustment for age and gender. The adjusted P value was calculated using a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and log link.

Table 5 Comparison of gut microbiota composition based on species rank

Microbiota	Colorectal cancer, median (minimum-maximum) (n = 35)	Non-colorectal cancer, median (minimum-maximum) (n = 24)	P value	Adjusted P value
Citrobacter koseri	2.49 (0-26.9)	3.67 (0-26.7)	0.51	0.83
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii	0.20 (0-8.90)	3.92 (0-17.5)	0.001^b	< 0.001^b
Prevotella copri	0.02 (0-17.5)	1.10 (0-19.6)	0.04^a	0.003^a
Bacteroides fragilis	0.68 (0-15.2)	0.03 (0-7.89)	0.002^a	0.01^a
Haemophilus parainfluenzae	0 (0-5.38)	0.37 (0-11.5)	0.004^a	0.47
Fusobacterium nucleatum	0.07 (0-44.6)	0 (0-0.16)	0.003^a	< 0.001^b
Prevotella hominis	0 (0-1.06)	0.04 (0-1.31)	0.05	0.14
Parvimonas micra	0.01 (0-6.94)	0 (0-0.27)	0.001^a	0.07
Peptostreptococcus stomatis	0.01 (0-9.81)	0 (0-0.20)	< 0.001^b	0.68
Enterococcus faecalis	0 (0-12.3)	0 (0-0.67)	0.004^a	< 0.001^b
Campylobacter hominis	0 (0-5.45)	0 (0-0.06)	0.008^a	0.002^a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001.

Adjusted P value: P value after adjustment for age and gender. The adjusted P value was calculated using a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and log link.

Table 6 Comparison of microbiota diagnostic values

Parameters	*Fusobacterium nucleatum*	*Bacteroides fragilis*	Combination of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis
AUC (95%CI)	0.727 (0.600-0.853)	0.735 (0.607-0.862)	0.786 (0.671-0.900)
P value	0.003	0.002	< 0.001^b
Cut-off value	≥ 0.0117	≥ 0.0836	Fusobacterium nucleatum ≥ 0.0117; Bacteroides fragilis ≥ 0.0836
Sensitivity	65.7 (47.8-80.9)	68.6 (50.7-83.2)	82.8 (66.4-93.4)
Specificity	62.5 (40.6-81.9)	66.7 (44.7-84.4)	50 (29.1-70.9)
Positive likelihood ratio	1.75	2.06	1.66
Negative likelihood ratio	0.55	0.47	0.34
Positive predictive value	71.9 (59.1-81.9)	75.0 (62.1-84.7)	70.7 (61.2-78.8)
Negative predictive value	55.6 (41.8-68.5)	59.3 (45.3-71.9)	66.7 (46.6-82.1)
Accuracy	64.4 (50.9-76.5)	67.8 (54.4-79.4)	69.5 (56.1-80.8)

^bP < 0.001.

AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval.

Citation: Darnindro N, Abdullah M, Sukartini N, Rumende CM, Pitarini A, Nursyirwan SA, Fauzi A, Makmun D, Nelwan EJ, Shatri H, Rinaldi I, Tanadi C. Differences in diversity and composition of mucosa-associated colonic microbiota in colorectal cancer and non-colorectal cancer in Indonesia. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(7): 100051
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i7/100051.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i7.100051