Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes abnormal glucose metabolism after acute pancreatitis by inducing islet β-cell apoptosis via Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 signaling pathway

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis patients with abnormal glucose metabolism and normal glucose tolerance

Characteristics	AGM group (n = 149)	NGT group (n = 220)	Statistical value	P value
Age, n			0.643	0.423
≥ 65	35	44
< 65	114	176
Sex, n			0.254	0.614
Male	102	156
Female	47	64
BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2	26.701 ± 3.363	25.630 ± 3.904	2.730	0.007b
Chronic conditions1, n			0.357	0.550
Yes	55	88
No	94	132
Etiology, n			4.893	0.180
Biliary	50	99
Hyperlipidemia	45	57
Alcoholic	32	38
Other	22	26
Severity grade, n			4.772	0.029a
Mild	119	194
Severe	30	26
Frequency, n			25.195	0.001c
Non-recurrent AP	98	193
Recurrent AP	51	27
Lung injury, n			7.063	0.008b
Yes	67	69
No	82	151

¹Chronic conditions include hypertension, cerebral infarction, or coronary heart disease.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

AGM: Abnormal glucose metabolism; NGT: Normal glucose tolerance; BMI: Body mass index; AP: Acute pancreatitis.