Advances in the study of the relationship between neurotransmitters and gastric cancer

Table 1 The function of neurotransmitters in gastric cancer

Neurotransmitter	Receptor	Effects on gastric cancer
NE/E	β2-AR[6,8,9,11,23,26-30]	Promote proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, metastasis, angiogenesis, DNA damage; inhibit immunosuppressive TME
DA	D2R[31,32,39,41,42]	Inhibit growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis; promote antitumor immunity
5-HT	HTR2B[52-55]	Promote tumor occurrence, growth; inhibit ferroptosis and immunosuppressive TME
	HTR1D[56]	Promote proliferation and migration
ACh	M3[62,66,69-71]	Promote proliferation, tumor growth, and NGF expression
	α5-nAChR[76-78]	Promote proliferation, EMT; inhibit apoptosis
	α7-nAChR[79-82,85-91]	Promote proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, antitumor immunity; inhibit chemotherapy efficacy
GABA	GABA-A[102-104,106]	Promote proliferation, tumor growth; immune escape
	GABRD[105,107]	Promote proliferation, invasion; inhibit apoptosis
Glu	GRIK 2[110]	Inhibit tumor growth and migration
Gastrin	CCK2R[122-126]	Promote proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis; inhibit apoptosis
CCK	CCK2R[124,130]	Promote proliferation, tumor growth
SST	SSTR1[134]	Inhibit proliferation, invasion, migration
	SSTR3[133]	Inhibit proliferation and apoptosis
SP	NK1R[119,143,144]	Promote proliferation, invasion, migration, adhesion
NPY	Y1R[15,153]	Promote proliferation, migration, angiogenesis
	Y2R[120,154]	Promote proliferation and angiogenesis
ADO	A2B[156]	Promote EMT and migration
	A2A[14,158]	Promote tumor escape
ATP	P2X7R[155,159-161]	Promote tumor occurrence, proliferation, EMT, invasion, migration

NE: Norepinephrine; E: Epinephrine; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; TME: Tumor microenvironment; DA: Dopamine; 5-HT: Serotonin; Ach: Acetylcholine; GABA: Γ-aminobutyric acid; Glu: Glutamate; CCK: Cholecystokinin; SST: Somatostatin; SP: Substance P; NPY: Neuropeptide Y; ADO: Adenosine.