HLA-C*03:04:01 and HLA-B*15:18:01 but not HLA-DQA1*05 associated with anti- tumor necrosis factor antibody formation in Taiwanese inflammatory bowel disease patients

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the inflammatory bowel disease patients, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

	Infliximab (n = 38)	Adalimumab (n = 20)	Vedolizumab (n = 27)	Ustekinumab (n = 10)
Age (years)	36.1 (28.5-46.6)	33.0 (28.6-42.2)	43.8 (34.8-54.8)	40.9 (32.2-51.5)
Gender (men)	29 (76.3)	14 (45.2)	17 (63.0)	8 (80)
Phenotype
UC	5 (13.2)	2 (10)	13 (48.1)	0 (0)
CD	33 (86.8)	18 (90)	14 (51.9)	10 (100)
Disease duration (years)	8.3 (3.8-13.3)	11.4 (8.3-12.3)	10 (6.1-11.1)	8.2 (3.58-14.5)
Concomitant IM
Thiopurine	33 (86.8)	15 (70)	16 (59.3)	5 (50)
Methotrexate	4 (10.5)	5 (25)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Tacrolimus	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (10)
No	1 (2.6)	0 (0)	11 (40.7)	4 (40)
Drug duration (weeks)	104 (33.5-221)	316 (189-489)	120 (55-214.5)	157 (110-240)
Drug trough level (μg/mL)	4.2 (2-6.8)	9.4 (4.5-14.9)	12.7 (5.4-16.7)	1.9 (1.1-4.2)
ADA formation	19 (50)	3 (15)	0 (0)	0 (0)

UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; IM: Immunomodulator; ADA: Anti-drug antibody.

Table 2 Association between human leukocyte antigen alleles and immunogenicity, %

HLA	Anti-infliximab antibody (-) (n = 19)	Anti-infliximab antibody (+) (n = 19)	P value
HLA-C*03:04:01	0	31.6	0.02
HLA-DQA1*05	36.8	52.6	0.328
HLA	Anti-adalimumab antibody (-) (n = 17)	Anti-adalimumab antibody (+) (n = 3)
HLA-B*15:18:01	0	66.7	0.016
HLA-DQA1*05	52.9	66.7	1.000

HLA: Human leukocyte antigen.

Table 3 Frequency of anti-drug antibody associated human leukocyte antigen alleles in Taiwanese inflammatory bowel disease patients and the general population, %

HLA	IBD (n = 190)	Control (n = 2194)	P value
HLA-C*03:04:01	8.4	10.5	0.3701
HLA-B*15:18:01	1.6	0.6	0.1484
HLA-DQA1*05	25.3	19.8	0.0749

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen.