Epidemiology of dyspepsia and esophagogastroduodenoscopic findings in the era of Helicobacter pylori eradication

Table 1 Background characteristics of the participants, n (%)

Variable	Category number (n = 23250)
Sex
Male	9562 (41.1)
Female	13688 (58.9)
Age (years)
< 60	3483 (15.0)
60-69	7443 (32.0)
70-79	10035 (43.2)
≥ 80	2289 (9.8)
Antithrombotic drug use
Yes	2152 (9.3)
No	21071 (90.6)
Unknown	27 (0.1)
Past history of Helicobacter pylori eradication
Success	6934 (29.8)
Failure or none	15747 (67.7)
Unknown	569 (2.4)
Symptoms
Heartburn	4810 (20.7)
Upper abdominal pain	2580 (11.1)
Bloating	5380 (23.1)
Dyspepsia1	6499 (28.0)

¹The definition of dyspepsia is based on the presence of upper abdominal pain, bloating, or both.

Table 2 Esophagogastroduodenoscopic findings, n (%)

	n (%)
Organic EGD findings
Gastric ulcer	91 (0.4)
Duodenal ulcer	29 (0.1)
Reflux esophagitis (≥ Los A)	1240 (5.3)
Esophageal cancer	27 (0.1)
Gastric cancer	180 (0.8)
History of gastric surgery	277 (1.2)
Gastric atrophy
Non-eradicated atrophic gastritis	7407 (31.9)
Atrophic changes post-eradication	6868 (29.5)
No atrophic changes observed	8977 (38.6)

EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopic; Los A: Los Angeles classification grade A reflux esophagitis.

Table 3 Comparative analysis of dyspepsia-positive and -negative cohorts, n (%)

Variable	Dyspepsia1		P value
	Positive (n = 6499)	Negative (n = 16732)
Age (< 60 years)	1167 (18.0)	2314 (13.8)	< 0.01
Female sex	4471 (68.8)	9209 (55.0)	< 0.01
Past history of H. pylori eradication	1994 (30.7)	4934 (29.5)	0.08
Gastric ulcer	31 (0.5)	60 (0.4)	0.20
Duodenal ulcer	14 (0.2)	15 (0.1)	0.02
Reflux esophagitis (≥ Los A)	378 (5.8)	860 (5.1)	0.04
Esophageal cancer	5 (0.1)	22 (0.1)	0.39
Gastric cancer	36 (0.6)	144 (0.9)	0.02
History of gastric surgery	88 (1.4)	188 (1.1)	0.16
No organic EGD findings	5952 (91.6)	15455 (92.4)	0.05
No atrophic changes observed	2576 (39.6)	6395 (38.2)	0.048

¹The definition of dyspepsia is based on the presence of upper abdominal pain, bloating, or both.

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; Los A: Los Angeles classification grade A reflux esophagitis; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy.