C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5+CD8+ T cells as immune regulators in hepatitis Be antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B under interferon-alpha treatment

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i3.99833

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 21, 2025; 31(3): 99833
Published online Jan 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i3.99833

Table 1 Baseline demographic profiles and characteristics related to pegylated interferon response

HC (n = 20)		SR (n = 16)	NSR (n = 44)	P value
Age (years)	28.17 ± 0.25	26.00 ± 4.94	28.86 ± 8.32	0.260
Gender (male/female)	10/10	6/10	29/15	0.048^a
Weight (kg)	56.26 ± 4.20	57.54 ± 9.12	63.51 ± 11.03	0.097
ALT (IU/mL)	24.97 ± 6.47	205.55 ± 69.38	185.5 ± 103.61	0.530
HBV DNA (log10 IU/mL)	n.d	7.73 ± 0.61	7.94 ± 1.15	0.530
HBsAg (log10 IU/mL)	Negative	4.13 ± 0.46	4.44 ± 0.56	0.087
Anti-HBs positive	12	0	0	n.d
HBeAg (log10 COI)	n.d	2.90 ± 0.62	3.26 ± 0.46	0.044^a
IL-21 (pg/mL)	12.31 ± 5.42	91.27 ± 188.34	105.30 ± 379.75	0.901
CXCR5⁺ (%)	12.11 ± 4.00	17.39 ± 8.11	16.04 ± 8.68	0.639
PD-L1⁺ (%)	8.65 ± 1.94	12.57 ± 9.55	18.31 ± 10.97	0.113
CXCR5⁺CD8⁺ (%)	5.50 ± 2.43	3.41 ± 3.00	1.47 ± 1.34	0.042^a
CXCR5⁺CD4⁺ (%)	6.62 ± 1.06	14.43 ± 2.52	13.98 ± 1.39	0.867
PDL1⁺CD8⁺ (%)	7.75 ± 1.21	5.07 ± 3.22	8.59 ± 8.46	0.061
PDL1⁺CD4⁺ (%)	1.29 ± 0.23	7.95 ± 1.75	7.95 ± 1.40	0.812

^aP < 0.05.

Data are shown as mean ± SE. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HC: Healthy control; SR: Serologic response; NSR: Non-serologic response; n.d.: Not determined; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; IL-21: Interleukin-21; CXCR5: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5.

Table 2 Logistic regression analyses for sustained Hepatitis Be antigen seroconversion at week 12

Characteristics	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Characteristics	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
ALT	1.002	0.998-1.002	0.383	1.008	0.999-1.014	0.063
IL-21	0.999	0.994-1.004	0.645
PDL1	0.957	0.891-1.029	0.236
CXCR5	1.038	0.953-1.131	0.395	0.652	0.387-1.098	0.107
PDL1⁺CD8⁺	1.070	0.959-1.193	0.225
PDL1⁺CD4⁺ (%)	0.85	0.733-0.984	0.018^a
CXCR5⁺CD8⁺	1.459	1.125-1.892	0.004^b	4.820	1.081-21.487	0.039^a
CXCR5⁺CD4⁺	0.952	0.853-1.062	0.375
log10 HBV DNA	0.412	0.241-0.705	0.001^b
log10 HBsAg	0.126	0.032-0.507	0.004^b
log10 HBeAg	0.300	0.144-0.626	0.001^b	0.009	0.001-0.490	0.021^a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBeAg: Hepatitis Be antigen; IL-21: Interleukin-21; CXCR5: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1.

Citation: Xu ZY, Dai ZS, Gong GZ, Zhang M. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5⁺CD8⁺ T cells as immune regulators in hepatitis Be antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B under interferon-alpha treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(3): 99833
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i3/99833.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i3.99833